中国东部超大城市群生态环境建设成效与发展对策

Past Achievements and Future Strategies of Eco-environmental Construction in Mega Urban Agglomerations in Eastern China
作者
        唐立娜1(中国科学院城市环境研究所 中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室 厦门 361021)
        蓝婷1(中国科学院城市环境研究所 中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室 厦门 361021)
        邢晓旭2(中国科学院 科技促进发展局 北京 100864)
        谢天3(中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 北京 100085)
        李伟峰3(中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 北京 100085)
        方创琳4(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101)
        曹琰旎3(中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 北京 100085)
        徐耀阳1(中国科学院城市环境研究所 中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室 厦门 361021)
        陈丁楷1(中国科学院城市环境研究所 中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室 厦门 361021)
        王琳1(中国科学院城市环境研究所 中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室 厦门 361021)
        吴志丰1(中国科学院城市环境研究所 中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室 厦门 361021)
        徐智邦1(中国科学院城市环境研究所 中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室 厦门 361021)
        周伟奇3*(中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 北京 100085)
中文关键词
         超大城市群;生态环境;环境政策;可持续发展
英文关键词
        mega urban agglomeration;eco-environment;environment policy;sustainable development
中文摘要
        京津冀、长江三角洲和粤港澳大湾区3个东部超大城市群是我国经济增长的核心引擎。高速发展伴随的高强度人类活动给城市群的生态环境带来巨大压力,严重影响了城市群的可持续发展。研究基于多维生态环境数据,分析了3个超大城市群生态质量、环境质量、资源能源利用效率和生态环境治理能力4个维度20年来的生态环境演变历程,评估了国家和地方层面环境政策和举措的成效。结果显示: 2000年以来,3个超大城市群的生态用地稳中有增,生态系统服务能力持续提升;大气环境质量明显改善,水环境质量不断提升;资源能源利用效率大幅提高,单位国内生产总值(GDP)污染排放明显下降;生态环境基础设施日趋完善,生态环境治理能力持续增强。《国家环境保护“十五”计划》《“十三五”生态环境保护规划》等的实施对城市群生态保护和大气、水及固体废物等污染的防治作用显著。研究讨论了超大城市群生态环境存在的主要问题,提出了对应的保护发展对策,为超大城市群后续生态文明建设和高质量可持续发展提供了科学依据。
英文摘要
        Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are the three largest urban agglomerations in China, and have been increasingly becoming the core engines of China's economic growth. Nevertheless, rapid regional urbanization accompanying high-intensity human activities has also brought enormous social and environmental pressure in these urban agglomerations, posing a grand challenge to urban and regional sustainability. This study conducts a cross-urban agglomeration comparison of the ecological and environmental changes over the past two decades. Using a combination of remotely sensed data, in-situ monitoring data, and environmental statistic data, the changes in four dimensions are quantified, namely ecological quality, environmental quality, resource and energy use efficiency, and eco-environmental governance capacity. Further, the effectiveness of environmental policies and initiatives is evaluated at the national and urban agglomeration levels. It is found that the quality of ecological land has increased steadily since 2000, with increased provision of ecosystem services. Air quality and water quality have been substantially improved, and the use of resources and energy efficiency have been greatly improved. The pollution emissions per unit GDP have been greatly reduced. The ecological and environmental infrastructures have become increasingly available, along with gradually strengthened governance capacity on environmental protection and ecological restoration. The National 10th to 13th Five-Year Plan for Environmental Protection played a significant role in environmental protection and ecological restoration across mega urban agglomerations. The environmental challenges, of urban agglomerations faced now and in the future, are also discussed, so as to the policies and actions that need to be addressed.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20230120003
作者简介
唐立娜 中国科学院城市环境研究所研究员。主要研究领域包括城市生态学、城市地理学、景感生态学、生态遥感等。
E-mail:lntang@iue.ac.cn
TANG Lina Professor of Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Her research focuses on urban ecology, urban geography, landsenses ecology, ecological remote sensing, etc.
E-mail:lntang@iue.ac.cn
周伟奇 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室研究员。国际景观生态学会副主席, Landscape and Urban Planning编委。主要从事城市生态学、景观生态学、生态遥感等研究。
E-mail:wzhou@rcees.ac.cn
ZHOU Weiqi Professor of urban and landscape ecology at the State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He is the Vice President of the International Association of Landscape Ecology, and serves as an associate editor for Landscape and Urban Planning. Dr. Zhou is broadly interested in spatial heterogeneity of the landscape, and works across many disciplines including urban ecology, landscape ecology, remote sensing, and spatial modeling.
E-mail:wzhou@rcees.ac.cn
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