中国山地保护与山区发展：回顾与展望

Mountain Protection and Mountain Development in China: Review and Prospect

        文安邦^1*(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610299)
        汤青²(中国科学院 科技促进发展局 北京 100864)
        欧阳朝军¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610299)
        朱波¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610299)
        王玉宽¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610299)
        李爱农¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610299)
        栗帅¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610299)
        朱万泽¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610299)
        刘丽君¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610299)

         山地环境;山地灾害;山区发展;山区现代化

        mountain environment;mountain hazards;mountain development;mountain modernization

        中国是世界山地大国，山地面积约为陆地国土面积的2/3。近10年来，山地林草植被覆盖率增加8.2%，山地绿色覆盖指数均值达到82.1%，植被覆盖率达到新中国成立以来最高水平，水土流失面积减少27.5×10⁴ km²，土壤年侵蚀量减少27%。目前，中国山地生态安全屏障骨干体系基本形成，高效的山地灾害防控体系不断健全，山地灾害减灾成效显著；与此同时，山区脱贫攻坚战取得历史性胜利，山区产业结构得到显著优化，现代化进程稳步推进。

        China is a large mountainous country in the world, where the mountainous area is about two-thirds of the land area. In the past ten years, the coverage rate of mountain forest and grass vegetation has increased by 8.2%, the average value of mountain green coverage index has reached 82.1%, and vegetation coverage has reached the highest value since the founding of the People's Republic of China; The area of water and soil erosion has decreased by 275 000 square kilometers, and the annual soil erosion in mountainous areas has decreased by 27%. At present, the backbone system of mountain ecological security barrier in China has basically formed, and an efficient mountain disaster prevention and control system has been continuously improved, remarkable results have been achieved in mountain disaster reduction. At the same time, a historic accomplishment has been achieved in poverty alleviation of mountainous areas, the industrial structure in mountainous areas has been significantly optimized, and the modernization process has steadily advanced.