中国湖泊生态环境变化与保护对策

Ecological and Environmental Changes and Protection Measures of Lakes in China

        张甘霖^1*(中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 南京 210008)
        谷孝鸿¹(中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 南京 210008)
        赵涛²(中国科学院 科技促进发展局 北京 100864)
        张运林¹(中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 南京 210008)
        徐力刚¹(中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 南京 210008)

         湖泊;生态环境;生态系统;水质;富营养化

        lake;ecological environment;ecosystem;water quality;eutrophication

        湖泊是地表水资源的重要载体，同时也是“山水林田湖草沙”生命共同体的重要组成部分，承担着重要的生态系统服务功能。文章主要基于中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所开展的全国性湖泊调查和典型湖泊长期监测获取的第一手数据，重点阐述了我国五大湖区典型湖泊的生态环境状况，系统呈现了中国湖泊生态环境总体状况与保护成效；在此基础上分析了我国湖泊生态环境面临的问题与挑战，提出了我国湖泊生态环境的保护对策与建议，以期推动我国湖泊生态环境保护与修复治理工作，保障湖泊与流域水安全，支撑湖泊流域区域可持续发展。

        Lakes (including artificial reservoirs) are important surface water resources, and they are also an important part of the earth surface system consisting of "mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grassland and desert". Based on the lake survey data and long-term monitoring data collected by the Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences as well as other institutions, this paper systematically analyzed the overall status and long-term trends of the ecological and environmental changes of natural and artificial lakes in China, focused on the ecological and environmental status and changes of typical lakes in the five major lake zones in China and highlighted the protection effects and challenges facing the ecological environment of lakes in China. In the meantime, countermeasures and suggestions for policy-makers and are proposed to promote the protection and restoration of the ecology and environment of lakes in China, and to ensure the water safety and sustainable development of lakes and river basins.