构筑基于“三线整合”的中国滨海湿地生态安全格局

Developing Ecological Security Pattern for Coastal Wetlands Based on “Three-line Integration” Spatial Strategy

        李晓文^1*(北京师范大学 环境学院 北京 100875)
        智烈慧^1,2(北京师范大学 环境学院 北京 100875;河北工程大学 地球科学与工程学院 邯郸 056038)
        马田田³(农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 天津 300191)
        刘增力⁴(国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院 北京 100714)
        崔保山¹(北京师范大学 环境学院 北京 100875)
        邵冬冬¹(北京师范大学 环境学院 北京 100875)
        曹宇⁵(浙江大学 公共管理学院 杭州 310058)
        穆泳林¹(北京师范大学 环境学院 北京 100875)

         海岸挤压;海平面上升;滨海湿地;一体化保护修复;"三线整合"空间策略;生态安全格局

        coastal squeeze;sea level rise;coastal wetlands;integrated conservation and restoration;"three-line integration" spatial strategy;ecological security pattern

        滨海湿地是滨海区域高质量发展的重要资源基础和生态安全屏障，是全面推进陆海统筹战略，构建陆海命运共同体的重要依托。理论和实践表明：受损滨海湿地修复需要同毗邻未受损自然湿地协同优化，以提升滨海湿地综合生态功能，强化滨海区域生态安全屏障，并提升气候变化背景下滨海湿地应对海平面上升的长期适应性，减缓自然-人为双向“海岸挤压”效应下滨海湿地的退化消失。据此，文章提出了构建应对围垦开发和适应海平面上升情形下“三线整合”中国滨海湿地生态安全格局相关概念，包括：抢救性保护生态红线区，优先开展湿地修复的生态修复绿线区，以及适应气候变化影响下海平面上升的生态预留蓝线区。“三线整合”生态安全格局强调应将湿地修复纳入区域生态系统格局与功能协同优化过程，是对以往局限于小尺度、孤立的湿地修复格局的反思，也是将湿地修复提升到区域生态安全层面的理论与实践探索。在剖析相关概念的基础上，文章针对我国滨海湿地保护修复、海岸带管理和国土空间开发提出了相关对策和建议。

        Coastal wetlands function as key socioeconomic resources as well as ecological barriers for sustainable development in coastal regions. Although previous research and practices indicate that restoration of degraded wetlands needs combination with intact natural wetlands to achieve best integrated ecosystem services, this kind of integration is still lacking both in research and practice. In the past decades, increased land reclamation coupling with climate change (e.g. sea level rise) have led considerable coastal squeeze effects and intensified degradation and loss in coastal wetlands along Chinese coastline, restoration of damaged coastal wetlands is therefore urgently needed to enhance the overall ecological functions of coastal wetlands and to strengthen the coastal resilience under coupled human-natural stresses. Here, a framework of "three-line integration" spatial strategy is conceptualized to develop ecological security pattern of coastal wetlands in China. The proposed spatial strategy addresses to establish an integrated coastal ecological security pattern by delineating RGB (red-green-blue) multiple zones, in which red-line area (remaining nature habitats) is prioritized for coastal wetland conservation, incorporating with green-line area (impaired habitats with high restoration potential) reserved for urgent restoration and blue-line area allocated for adaption to long-term sea level rise. In addition, some related issues were discussed covering coastal wetland conservation and restoration, wise land use and sustainable development.