页岩油开发利用及在能源中的作用

Shale Oil Development and Utilization and Its Role in Energy Industry

        郭旭升^1,2,3,4(中国石油化工股份有限公司 北京 100728;页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室 北京 102206;国家能源页岩油研发中心 北京 102206;中国石化石油勘探开发研究院 北京 102206)
        黎茂稳^2,3,4(页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室 北京 102206;国家能源页岩油研发中心 北京 102206;中国石化石油勘探开发研究院 北京 102206)
        赵梦云^2,3,4*(页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室 北京 102206;国家能源页岩油研发中心 北京 102206;中国石化石油勘探开发研究院 北京 102206)

         页岩油;能源安全;开发利用;能源体系;政策建议;中国

        shale oil;energy security;development and utilization;energy system;policy proposal;China

        美国页岩油开发使其从原油进口国一跃成为净出口国。实践表明，从寻找圈闭到源储一体的页岩油富集带（即“甜点”）的勘探思路转变和以水平井分段压裂为代表的技术创新是美国页岩油规模开发的关键因素。对比北美海相页岩油，中国陆相页岩油资源潜力巨大，但禀赋条件较差，前期勘探开发经验表明陆相页岩油的适应性技术急需攻关。经过石油行业及相关科研院所的持续攻关，目前中国页岩油开发利用已实现了“点”和“线”的突破，正在向“面”的突破努力。一旦实现规模效益开发，中国的页岩油革命就将改变中国能源格局。文章在国内和国际页岩油发展趋势研究，以及中美两国页岩油地质工程特征对比分析的基础上，提出了中国页岩油开发利用的政策建议。

        Shale oil boom in the United States has catapulted it from an importer of crude oil to a net exporter. Field applications show that both the shift in exploration paradigm from finding traps to targeting resource-rich petroleum source kitchens (i.e., "sweet spots") and the technological innovation represented by horizontal well multi-stage fracturing are among the key factors for the large-scale development of shale oil in the United States. Compared with marine shale oils in North America, China's lacustrine shale oil resources have great potential, but the endowment conditions are not optimal. Early exploration and development experience shows that the adaptive technology for lacustrine shale oil needs to be solved urgently. Under the continuous efforts of the petroleum industry and relevant scientific research institutions, China has achieved partial breakthroughs in the shale oil development and utilization, and more efforts are now on the way to make greater strike. Once the production potential and commercial productivity are realized, shale oil revolution will spread in China and change the domestic energy landscape. Several policy suggestions are made on the shale oil development and utilization in China, based on the global trend analysis and a comparative study of the geological and engineering characteristics of shale oils in China and the United States.