德国“人与生物圈计划”国际化战略及对中国的启示

International Strategy of Man and the Biosphere Programme of Germany and Its Implications to China
作者
        先义杰 庄岩 韩群力 王丁
中文关键词
         人与生物圈计划,生物圈保护区,可持续发展,对外发展援助,国际合作,全球治理
英文关键词
        Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB), biosphere reserve, sustainable development, development assistance, international cooperation, global governance
中文摘要
        自 20 世纪 90 年代中期起,德国将联合国教科文组织的“人与生物圈计划”(MAB)及其主要抓 手——生物圈保护区作为一条参与全球治理的途径。德国的举措包括:阐明该国有关 MAB 国际化的立场, 即着重发展伙伴关系、强调对外发展援助具有实效性,以及确保行动路线清晰并具有可操作性;建立联邦 多机构协同机制,集聚外交、财政、智力和技术等资源支持他国生物圈保护区的发展;面向全球,尤其是 优先关注非洲。德国的案例显示,该国利用 MAB 参与全球治理的动力来自 MAB 自身所具有的机制上的灵 活性,以及 MAB 核心使命符合并便于统筹该国及国际社会的共同利益。基于德国的经验,同时考虑中国当 前在国际合作领域面临的挑战和机遇,建议中国有关部门:深入认识 MAB 在品牌、议题和机制上的优势; 将 MAB 纳入国家对外发展战略和行动计划,并动员国家多部门的力量,尤其是协调相关政府部门与中国科 学院共同领导中国 MAB 国际化事业,并积极促成涵盖政策制定者、科学研究者、金融提供者和民生服务者 等多方力量支撑机制的形成;充分发挥 MAB 在中国长期发展中积累的科技优势的示范和引领作用;深化中 德两国在 MAB 领域面向未来的国际合作。从长远上来看,中国 MAB 的国际化战略宜以生态文明和人类命运 共同体理念帮助凝聚全球共识,并借助 MAB 这一广泛且具有灵活性的平台加强南北合作及南南合作,为可 持续发展等全球治理共性议题作出贡献;而且在中国当前面临的充满巨大挑战的国际环境下,还可通过加强 面向欧洲等区域的合作,协助打开中国国际合作新局面,进一步支撑国家整体外交。
英文摘要
        Since mid-1990s, Germany has developed the UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) together with its biosphere reserves into a pathway of enhancing the nation’s role in global governance. Measures took by Germany include: clarifying the national position in the globalization of German MAB, including putting more emphasis on partnership development, highlighting the effectiveness of development assistance, and ensuring the clearance and feasibility of action plan; collecting resources from foreign affairs, finance, intellectual, technology, etc., by multi-federal sector collaborative mechanism, to support the development of biosphere reserves of other countries; thinking globally and taking priority over Africa region. The example indicated that the driving force behind the globalization of German MAB includes the flexibility on mechanism of MAB itself, and the correspondence and unification of common benefits of the nation and international community by the core mission of MAB. Based on the experience of Germany and in view of the challenge and opportunity in the area of international cooperation of China, the authors suggest Chinese government to: enhance the awareness of the advantage inherited in the brand, topic, and mechanism of MAB; incorporate MAB into the international strategy and action plan of China, and mobilize multi-sector resources especially coordinating governmental sectors of the area to collaboratively lead the globalization of China MAB with Chinese Academy of Sciences, and facilitating a full-chain support mechanism in the integration of policy makers, scientific researchers, finance suppliers, and livelihood service providers; consolidate the functions of demonstration and leadership of science and technology which have had a long term of accumulation in the development of MAB in China; further the future-oriented international cooperation between China and Germany in the area of MAB. From a long perspective, international strategy of China MAB aims on approaching global consensus favorably by ideas of ecological civilization and community of shared future for humans, and to enhance the South-South cooperation and South-North cooperation by the extensive and flexible platform of MAB, so as to make contributions to the sustainable development and other common issues in global governance. Moreover, in view of the current international situations full of huge challenges, globalization of China MAB would help to open a new window for the international cooperation of China from the enhanced effort for Europe and other regions thus further support the holistic diplomacy of China.
作者简介
先义杰
中国科学院国际合作局助理研究员,中国人与生物圈国家委员会秘书处干事,《人与生物 圈》杂志编辑。从事长江生态环境研究与保护,以及参与联合国教科文组织“人与生物圈计划”在 中国的实施与推广。已发表论文 9 篇。
E-mail: xiany@cashq.ac.cn

XIAN Yijie
Ph.D. (in hydrobiology), Assistant Research Professor of Bureau of International Cooperation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Secretary of Chinese National Committee for the UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB), Editor of Man and the Biosphere. He has been engaged in research and conservation of the Yangtze River ecosystem, and in implementation and promotion of MAB in China, and has published 9 peer-reviewed papers.
E-mail: xiany@cashq.ac.cn
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