数据要素市场化配置的困境与对策探究

Dilemmas and Suggestions on Market-based Data Allocation

        刘金钊^1,2(北京工商大学 商学院 北京 100048;中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院 北京 100190)
        汪寿阳^2,3,4*(中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院 北京 100190;中国科学院预测科学研究中心 北京 100190)

         数据要素;市场化;数据确权;数据定价;交易机制

        data element;marketization;data right delimitation;data pricing;trading mechanism

        数据要素是数字经济深化发展的核心引擎，加快培育安全高效的数据要素市场，是激活数据要素潜在价值的重要手段。但当前数据要素“权属不清”“难以定价”“交易机制不完善”等问题严重制约了数据要素的市场化配置。文章首先从数据要素市场建设的基本问题出发，讨论了数据要素在确权、定价和交易上的困境；之后，回顾了国际数据要素市场化建设的战略布局和我国数据交易市场发展进程中应对困境的关键举措；最后，立足于我国数据要素市场建设实践，从建设统一数据市场制度、试点数据分类分级确权、探索差异化的定价机制、布局多元化的交易市场等方面提出了建设高水平数据要素市场的政策建议。期望该研究能够引发更多学者关注数据要素市场的发展，基于不同学科视角为破解数据要素市场化配置的困境谏言献策。

        Big data is the primary engine for advancing the development of the digital economy, and market-based data allocation is a crucial method for promoting the development of China's digital economy. However, the current issues of "unclear ownership", "difficult pricing", and "imperfect transaction mechanisms" have severely constrained the market-based allocation of data. The study begins with a discussion of the dilemma of data rights delimitation, pricing, and trading. Then review the strategic initiative of international data market construction and the development of China's data trading market. Finally, based on the practice of China's big data market construction, the study proposes some recommendations for constructing a high-level data element market. It is expected that the publication of this research would attract more scholars to investigate the market-based data allocation from different perspectives.