现代海洋牧场建设的人工生态系统理论思考

Theoretical Thinking of Artificial Ecosystem for Modern Marine Ranching

        丁德文(中国科学院南海海洋研究所 中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室 广州 510301;南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州) 广州 511458)
        索安宁*(中国科学院南海海洋研究所 中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室 广州 510301;南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州) 广州 511458)

         现代海洋牧场;人工生态系统;理论框架;渔业资源关键功能群;生境营造

        modern marine ranching;artificial ecosystem;theoretical framework;key functional community;habitats creation

        文章在系统总结国内外海洋牧场概念演进过程及其实践发展历程的基础上，提出现代海洋牧场建设存在生态学理论缺失、生态工程技术缺少、生态管理缺位问题。以问题为导向提出海洋牧场人工生态系统概念，并从海洋牧场渔业资源关键功能群构造及其生境营造角度，全面剖析了海洋牧场人工生态系统的结构原理。最后探讨了海洋牧场人工生态系统构筑的基本范式，包括海洋牧场人工生态系统方案规划设计、生态工程与智能工程建设、生态适应性管理模式建立等，以期为我国现代海洋牧场建设探索生态学理论体系。

        Based on the systematic review of the conceptual evolution process of marine ranching and its development of practice, this paper pointed out the problems existing in the construction of marine ranching in China, such as lack of theoretical support, lack of ecological engineering technologies, and lack of ecological management. It then proposed the concept of marine ranching artificial ecosystem. In addition, the paper analyzed the structural principle of marine ranching artificial ecosystem from the viewpoint of cultivating key functional communities and habitat construction for the marine ranch fishery resources. Finally, the paper discussed the theoretical framework of the modern marine ranching artificial ecosystem, including the planning and design, the construction of ecological engineering and intelligent engineering, and the establishment of adaptive management, aiming to explore the ecological theory system for China's modern marine ranching construction.