高水平科技自立自强视野中重大科技项目选题机制研究

Subject Selection Mechanism of Major Science and Technology Programs from Perspective of High-level Self-reliance in Science and Technology

        贾宝余^1*(中国科学院科技创新发展中心 北京 100190)
        杨明²(中国科学院 发展规划局 北京 100864)
        应验³(北京大学 政府管理学院 北京 100080)

         科技自立自强;国家科技计划;国家重大科技项目;选题

        self-reliance in science and technology;national science and technology plan;major national science and technology programs;subject selection

        “选题”是科学研究的起点，选题的质量在很大程度上决定创新的质量。国家重大科技项目承载着国家科技创新的使命，是科技创新活动的核心载体，优化重大科技项目的组织管理是新时代深化科技体制改革的重要任务。文章从实现高水平科技自立自强的视角出发，论述了国家科技计划和重大科技项目的构成、不同类型国家重大科技项目的选题模型，分析了美国国防高级研究计划局（DARPA）重大科技项目选题的经验；提出了根据重大科技项目的研究性质采取差异化选题机制、探索性技术研发和战略性技术研发类项目选题引入“查需”机制、战略性基础研究和战略性技术研发选题“三看”等建议。

        The "selection of subject" of science and technology programs is the start of scientific research, and the quality of the selected subjects determines the quality of innovation to a large extent. Major national science and technology programs, as the core carriers of science and technology innovation activities, bear the mission of national science and technology innovation. Optimizing the organizational management of major science and technology programs is a major task for deepening the reform of the science and technology system in the new era. This study, from the perspective of realizing high-level self-reliance in science and technology, expounds the composition of national science and technology plans and major science and technology programs and models of selecting subjects for different types of major national science and technology programs, analyzes the experience of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in selecting subjects for major research projects, and shares some thoughts and suggestions such as adopting differentiated subject selection mechanisms based on the research nature of major science and technology programs, introducing a "demand check" mechanism for the subject selection of exploratory technology R&D and strategic technology R&D projects and a "three-point review" on the subject selection of strategic basic research and strategic technology R&D.