世界生命科学格局中的中国
China in Global Landscape of Life Sciences
China in Global Landscape of Life Sciences
作者
张先恩(中国科学院生物物理研究所 生物大分子国家重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院深圳理工大学(筹) 合成生物学院 深圳 518055)
中文关键词
生命科学;科技强国;全球格局
英文关键词
life sciences;innovation power;global landscape
中文摘要
生命科学近150多年的发展历程可概括为环环相扣的3个阶段：经典遗传学时代、分子遗传学与分子生物学时代和生命组学与系统生物学时代。当代生命科学空前繁荣，呈现若干新特征：原始发现层出不穷，致使底层创新井喷；系统论与还原论并重，层层揭秘复杂生命过程；学科汇聚融合，生命科学从定性描述开始实现动态、精准和定量解读；科学数据共享，成为生命科学界普遍遵循的规则；合成生物学与人工智能兴起，为生命科学研究提供了新的范式。这些特征使生命科学知识获得极大丰富、生物技术得以快速迭代升级。与此同时，中国生命科学厚积薄发，近10年进步显著，逐渐改写世界生命科学版图，并在科技抗击新冠肺炎疫情中贡献突出。随着世界政治经济格局发生深刻变化，中国生命科学面临更多挑战。理顺各科研模块的功能定位和资源配置，创建先进科研文化、营造良好科研氛围、坚持开放与国际合作，将进一步夯实中国生命科学的基础，使其更加卓越，贡献科技强国建设，丰厚回馈人类健康和社会经济。
英文摘要
The development of life science for over 150 years can be summarized into three stages:classical genetics, molecular genetics and molecular biology, life omics and systems biology. The contemporary life science is unprecedentedly prosperous, showing several new characteristics:original discoveries emerge in endlessly, promoting massive bottom-level innovations; the convergence of multiple disciplines promotes biological sciences from qualitative description to dynamic, precise and quantitative interpretation; scientific data sharing has become a common rule in the life science community; and the rise of synthetic biology and artificial intelligence (AI) provides a new paradigm for life science research. These characteristics enable the knowledge about life to be greatly enriched and biotechnology to be rapidly iteratively upgraded. At the same period, China's life sciences have made remarkable progress after decades of accumulation, gradually changing the global landscape of life sciences, which has been well demonstrated by the outstanding contribution of Chinese scientists in the fight against the COVID-19. With the profound changes in the political and economic landscape of the world in recent years, China's life sciences face more challenges. Rationalizing the functional positioning and resource allocation of various R&D sectors, and creating a healthy research culture and atmosphere will enable China's life sciences to further consolidate its foundation and become more exceptional, play a pillar role in construction of an innovation country, and give rich returns to human society and economy.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20220426003
作者简介
张先恩 中国科学院生物物理研究所研究员,中国科学院深圳理工大学(筹)合成生物学院名誉院长。加拿大Alberta大学荣誉科学博士,美国医学与工程院Fellow,英国皇家化学会Fellow,中国生物工程学会副理事长、合成生物学分会主任,亚洲生物技术协会(AFOB)纳米生物技术/生物传感/生物芯片分会共同创会会长。从事合成生物学、生物传感、纳米生物学和分析微生物学交叉研究。曾任科学技术部基础研究司司长,后受委托担任亚太经合组织(APEC)首席科学顾问会议中国代表、国家中长期规划战略研究基础研究专题专家组副组长、国家重点研发计划合成生物学重点专项指南专家组组长。发表多篇科学宏观发展专题论著。
E-mail:zhangxe@ibp.ac.cn
ZHANG Xian-En Professor of Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),Honorary Dean of the Faculty of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,CAS,also Honorary Doctor of Sciences,University of Alberta,Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine and Engineering,Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry,and Honorary Doctor of Science of the University of Alberta.Engaged in convergence research of synthetic biology,biosensor,nanobiology,and analytical microbiology,he became a full professor in 1993 in the Wuhan Institute of Virology,CAS.He was the former Director General of the Department of Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology,responsible for the strategic planning and management of national basic research programs.He has published over 300 peer-reviewed papers and a few books,including a dozen of articles and books regarding S&T development with national and global perspectives.
E-mail:zhangxe@ibp.ac.cn
E-mail:zhangxe@ibp.ac.cn
ZHANG Xian-En Professor of Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),Honorary Dean of the Faculty of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,CAS,also Honorary Doctor of Sciences,University of Alberta,Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine and Engineering,Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry,and Honorary Doctor of Science of the University of Alberta.Engaged in convergence research of synthetic biology,biosensor,nanobiology,and analytical microbiology,he became a full professor in 1993 in the Wuhan Institute of Virology,CAS.He was the former Director General of the Department of Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology,responsible for the strategic planning and management of national basic research programs.He has published over 300 peer-reviewed papers and a few books,including a dozen of articles and books regarding S&T development with national and global perspectives.
E-mail:zhangxe@ibp.ac.cn
