泛在操作系统：面向人机物融合泛在计算的新蓝海

Ubiquitous Operating System: Toward the Blue Ocean of Human-cyber-physical Ternary Ubiquitous Computing

        梅宏^1,3*(高可信软件技术教育部重点实验室(北京大学) 北京 100871;高可信软件技术教育部重点实验室(北京大学) 北京 100871)
        曹东刚^1,2(高可信软件技术教育部重点实验室(北京大学) 北京 100871;浙江省北大信息技术高等研究院 杭州 311215)
        谢涛¹(高可信软件技术教育部重点实验室(北京大学) 北京 100871)

         泛在计算;泛在操作系统;人机物融合系统;软件定义

        ubiquitous computing;Ubiquitous Operating System;human-cyber-physical system;software definition

        面向未来人机物融合泛在计算的新模式和新场景，一类新型操作系统——泛在操作系统（Ubiquitous Operating System，UOS）正在出现并处于探索成型期。人机物融合泛在计算环境多变、需求多样、场景复杂，需要对硬件资源、数据资源、系统平台及应用软件等进行柔性灵活的软件定义，以支持泛在感知、泛在互联、轻量计算、轻量认知、动态适配、反馈控制、自然交互等新应用特征。文章简要梳理操作系统的发展脉络，总结操作系统发展的“20年周期律”，认为随着人机物融合泛在计算时代的到来，操作系统发展的新蓝海已然出现。文章分析了泛在计算新型计算模式与应用需求，阐述泛在操作系统的概念与特点，剖析其面临的技术挑战和创新机遇，分享了对我国发展操作系统的若干认识和思考。

        In response to the new patterns and scenarios of future human-cyber-physical ternary ubiquitous computing, a new kind of operating system named Ubiquitous Operating System (UOS) is emerging and under exploration for further development. The human-cyberphysical ternary ubiquitous computing has many new features, such as open and dynamic environment, diverse requirements, and complex application scenarios. New ubiquitous applications pose special demands on ubiquitous sensing and connection, lightweight computing and artificial intelligence, dynamic adaptation, feedback and control, natural human-computer-interaction, etc. To support these new requirements, a software definition mechanism is in need to flexibly control hardware, data resources, platforms, and applications. This article briefly reviews the history of operating system development, summarizes operating systems' law of 20 years, and deems that the new era of ubiquitous humancyber-physical ternary computing has come and created a blue ocean of operating system development. The article analyzes the ubiquitous computing paradigm and application requirements, defines and explains the concepts of ubiquitous operating system, and discusses the technical challenges faced and opportunities for innovation. Finally, the article shares some insights and thoughts about the development of operating systems in China.