海水养殖践行“海洋负排放”的途径

The Strategic Approach for Mariculture to Practice “Ocean Negative Carbon Emission”
作者
        张继红 刘纪化 张永雨 李刚
中文关键词
         海水养殖,海洋负排放,大型藻类,滤食性贝类,微型生物碳泵
英文关键词
        mariculture, negative emission, seaweed, bivalve, microbial carbon pump
中文摘要
        减排增汇是我国实现碳中和目标的必然途径。海洋作为地球上最大的碳库,渔业生物的碳汇功能也受到关注。中国是世界上最大的海水养殖国家,以非投饵型的贝藻养殖为主,养殖种类丰富、营养层次多样、养殖技术成熟,“海洋负排放”的发展潜力巨大。然而,贝藻类养殖的负排放过程复杂,其负排放的科学原理、过程机制、计量方法及增汇途径等科技问题正在被逐步认知和解决。文章阐释了渔业碳汇的研究进展、存在问题和可能影响,提出了拓展养殖空间和提高养殖单产、基于养殖容量管理制度的海水养殖绿色发展、多营养层次综合养殖模式、蓝碳牧业工程、海洋人工上升流增汇工程等践行“海洋负排放”的技术途径和对策建议。
英文摘要
        Reducing CO2 emissions and increasing carbon sinks are basic approaches to achieve carbon neutralization in China. China is the largest mariculture country in the world. Our mariculture industry is dominated by non-fed culture type and characterized by rich species, diverse nutrition levels, and advanced farming technology. Therefore, mariculture has huge potential for the development of ocean negative carbon emissions (ONCE). However, the ONCE process of bivalves and seaweed farming is complicated, and the scientific principles, process, mechanisms, monitoring and evaluating methods and approaches of increasing carbon sink are gradually being recognized and yet to be resolved. This paper discusses the research progress of fishery carbon sink, existing problems and possible impact of global climate change on ONCE of mariculture. It then proposes technological approachs and policy suggestions to implement ONCE , which include expanding mariculture space and increaseing unit yield, green development of mariculture based on carrying capacity regulatory regime, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, blue carbon engineering of ocean ranching, and marine artificial upwelling.
作者简介
张继红
中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所研究员。中国水产学会理事,农业农村部海洋牧场建设专家咨询委员会委员。全国农业杰出人才及创新团队负责人。主要从事海水养殖生态、容量评估、多营养层次综合养殖理论与技术、渔业碳汇等方面的研究。主持国家重点研发计划课题、国家自然科学基金等科研项目,发表学术论文100余篇,授权专利20余项。
E-mail: zhangjh@ysfri.ac.cn
ZHANG Jihong
Professor of Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. She is council of Chinese Fisheries Society, Committee member of the Expert Advisory Committee on Marine Ranch Construction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. She is National Agricultural Outstanding Talents and Innovation Team Leader. Her research interests include mariculture ecology, carrying capacity assessment, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture theory and technique, and fisheries carbon sink. She undertakes the national key research and development program project, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and other scientific research projects. She has published more than 100 papers, and has more than 20 authorized patents.
E-mail: zhangjh@ysfri.ac.cn
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