绿洲-荒漠共生关系实验模拟平台（绿洲-荒漠平台）

Experiment and Simulation Platform for Oasis-Desert Symbiotic Relationship (ODP)

        李彦*(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 乌鲁木齐 830011)
        郑新军(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 乌鲁木齐 830011)
        王玉刚(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 乌鲁木齐 830011)
        徐贵青(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 乌鲁木齐 830011)
        刘冉(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 乌鲁木齐 830011)

         绿洲-荒漠;盐分;地下水位;荒漠植被;共生关系

        oasis-desert;salt;groundwater table;desert vegetation;symbiotic relationship

        准噶尔盆地是温带内陆干旱区的典型区域，周围高大山地形成径流，流入盆地后造就了绿洲。绿洲和荒漠存在着相互依存关系：绿洲需要通过排水带走自然富集的盐分，而排水给其外围荒漠植被提供水分与养分，外围荒漠植被反过来为绿洲提供了生态屏障。随着绿洲土地开发规模不断加大，节水措施大范围应用，绿洲排水急剧减少。这一方面导致盐分外泄不畅，绿洲积盐；另一方面致使地下水位剧烈下降，绿洲外围、沙漠边缘的植被受到威胁——绿洲-荒漠共生关系面临根本性的危机。在中国科学院野外站网络重点科技基础设施建设项目的支持下，新疆阜康荒漠生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站在天山北麓三工河流域建成了“绿洲-荒漠共生关系实验模拟平台”，该平台由绿洲土壤盐分累积与荒漠地下水位模拟子平台、地下水位与荒漠植被关系子平台、沙漠内部降水与荒漠植被关系子平台3个子平台构成，形成了完整的绿洲-荒漠共生关系实验模拟体系。该平台能够满足绿洲区不同灌溉情景下水盐动态长期变化、绿洲边缘荒漠植被变化与地下水位关系、沙漠内部自然植被与降水变化关系的研究需求，为回答绿洲和荒漠生态系统共生关系的关键科学问题提供了重要基础设施支撑。

        Junggar Basin is a typical arid inland region in the northern temperate zone of the Earth. The surrounding high mountains form runoff, which flows into the basin and develops oasis. Oasis and desert are interdependent. Oasis needs to leach out its naturally accumulated salts through drainage. This drainage provides water and nutrients to desert vegetation. Desert vegetation, in turn, provides an ecological protection for oasis. Hence, oasis and desert have a symbiotic relationship. With excessive exploitation of land and water resources with water-saving technologies, salts cannot be leached out of the oasis region anymore. As a result, the groundwater level has also dropped sharply, which has inevitably threatened the vegetation in the periphery of oasis, and the oasisdesert symbiotic relationship is facing a fundamental crisis. Funded by "the Key Infrastructure Project for the Field Station Network of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)", Fukang Desert Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station, CAS, built the "Experiment and Simulation Platform for Oasis-Desert Symbiotic Relationship", which consists of three sub platforms, namely:the sub-platform of soil salt accumulation and groundwater table simulation, the sub-platform of groundwater depth and vegetation relationship in the periphery of the desert, and the sub-platform of precipitation and vegetation relationship inside desert. The platform can meet the demands of the long-term studies of salt dynamics under different irrigation regimes in the oasis, the relationship between desert vegetation and groundwater level at the oasis edge, and the relationship between natural vegetation and precipitation change inside the desert. It provides an important infrastructure for studying and answering key scientific questions on the symbiotic relationship between oasis and desert ecosystems.