原创性、引领性科技攻关的历史经验——以国家超导攻关为例

Historical Experience of Tackling Original and Leading Problems of Science and Technology—Case Study of National Superconductivity Research
作者
        顾超(北京大学 科学技术与医学史系 北京 100871)
中文关键词
         科技攻关;举国体制;高温超导;原始创新
英文关键词
        tackling key problems of science and technology;whole-nation system;high-temperature superconductivity;original innovation
中文摘要
        加强原创性、引领性科技攻关是强化国家战略科技力量、实现科技自立自强的关键。1987年开始的国家超导研究开发攻关项目属于引领性、原创性的科技攻关,帮助中国的高温超导研究完成了从落后、跟跑到并跑甚至领跑的跨越,但是并未产生“从0到1”的原始创新。国家超导攻关的历史经验对于原创性、引领性科技攻关有重要启示:(1)基础研究要分类精准施策,区分原始创新与应用牵引、突破瓶颈的基础研究;(2)加快培育战略科学家,充分发挥他们在联结政府与科学共同体之间的枢纽作用;(3)加强国家创新平台建设,将部分集中攻关转化为对战略科技力量的长期支持。
英文摘要
        Tackling original and leading problems of science and technology (TOLPST) is the key to strengthening national strategic scientific and technological forces and achieving scientific and technological self-reliance of China. The national superconductivity research which began in 1987 is a typical TOLPST. It has helped China's high-temperature superconductivity research leap from backwardness, follow-up phase to parallel running state or even leading position, but it did not produce original innovation. The historical experience of national superconductivity research has important implications for TOLPST: (1) Basic research should be categorized and accurately implemented, especially the original innovation should be distinguished from the application-oriented research or that breaks bottlenecks. (2) China should speed up the cultivation of strategic scientists and give full play to their pivotal role that connects the government and the scientific community. (3) China should strengthen the construction of the national innovation platform, and transform part of the concentrated TOLPST into long-term support for strategic scientific and technological forces.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20210613001
作者简介
顾超 北京大学科学技术与医学史系博士后。主要研究领域为中国当代科技史、科学社会学。
E-mail:guchao1986@pku.edu.cn
GU Chao Postdoctoral researcher in the Department of History of Science, Technology and Medicine, Peking University, China. He is currently working on contemporary history of science in China, sociology of science, and STS (Science, Technology and Society).
E-mail:guchao1986@pku.edu.cn
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