地球大数据支撑联合国可持续发展目标:气候变化与应对

Big Earth Data for UN Sustainable Development Goals: Climate Change and Action
作者
        黄磊1,2(可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094)
        贾根锁3(中国科学院大气物理研究所 北京 100029)
        房世波4(中国气象科学研究院 北京 100081)
        上官冬辉5(中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 兰州 730000)
        胡永红1,2(可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094)
        张兆明2(中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094)
        彭代亮1,2(可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094)
中文关键词
         地球大数据;可持续发展目标;气候行动
英文关键词
        Big Earth Data;Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);climate action
中文摘要
        气候变化正在成为未来几十年人类可持续发展面临的主要威胁。如何准确监测极端气候事件和灾害,为应对气候变化和灾害防控提供强有力的数据和科学支持,成为亟待回答的重大科学问题和决策命题。联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)第13项——“气候行动:采取紧急行动应对气候变化及其影响”(SDG 13),就是要通过各国的实际行动,减缓气候变化威胁,增强人类适应能力。然而,目前SDG 13相关指标都缺少空间数据和信息的支撑。地球大数据具有高度协同性和集成性,有利于减小研究和评估结果的不确定性,同时也能满足气候变化和灾害风险研究对科学数据提出的迫切需求。文章围绕减缓气候相关灾害影响和降低温室气体排放两大主题,通过地球大数据平台,综合多源空间数据,研究获取灾害时空分布、碳收支变化趋势的方法;并依据该方法获取具有空间信息的数据集,以支撑SDG 13实现,为气候减灾和碳减排提供决策支持。
英文摘要
        Climate change is becoming a major threat to human sustainable development in the coming decades. How to accurately and real-time monitor extreme weather events and disasters, and provide strong data and scientific support for climate change and disaster prevention and control, has become an urgent major scientific issue and decision-making proposition. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 13 Climate Action is to alleviate the threat of climate change and enhance human adaptation through the actions of countries. However, indicators of climate action lack the support of spatial data and information. The Big Earth Data is highly collaborative and integrated, which is conducive to reducing the uncertainty of research and assessment results. At the same time, it also reflects the urgent demand of climate change and disaster risk research for scientific data. This study focuses on the two major themes of mitigation of the impact of climate change related disasters and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Through the Big Earth Data platform, the work studies the methods of obtaining the spatial distribution of disasters and the trend of carbon budget change through the comprehensive multi-source data, and obtains the data sets with spatial information to support the SDG 13 Climate Action, providing decision support for disaster reduction and emission reduction.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20210705004
作者简介
黄磊 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院副研究员。中国科学院青年创新促进会会员。主要从事地球大数据支撑气候行动可持续发展目标的研究工作,包括冰冻圈的变化遥感、温室气体浓度遥感等。以第一或通讯作者在Remote Sensing of Environment、Journal of Geophysical Research等期刊发表SCI论文15篇。
E-mail:huanglei@radi.ac.cn
HUANG Lei Associate Professor in Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ph.D., Member of Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is responsible for the research work of supporting SDG 13 with Big Earth Data. His research interest includes remote sensing of Glacier change and Green House Gas. As the first or corresponding author, he has published 15 papers in Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal of Geophysical Research, and other journals.
E-mail:huanglei@radi.ac.cn
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