科技发展如何处理好开放与自主的关系
On Dealing with Openness and Self-reliance in Development of Science and Technology
On Dealing with Openness and Self-reliance in Development of Science and Technology
作者
包云岗(中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190)
孙凝晖*(中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190)
孙凝晖*(中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190)
中文关键词
开放;自主;科技
英文关键词
openness;self-reliance;science and technology
中文摘要
中国领导层始终坚持开放，强调开放是国家进步的前提，同时又强调应大力提升自主创新能力，尽快突破关键核心技术。处理好科技发展过程中开放和自主的关系，是诸多科研机构、科研人员需要面临的问题。然而，很多人直觉上认为两者无法兼顾，甚至将两者对立起来。文章对开放模式进行分类，进而导出在科研实践中处理好开放与自主的关系的2条基本原则，并以此剖析中国计算机事业开创阶段关于开放与自主的经典决策案例，进一步回顾中国科技发展过程中的开放实践历程。最后，针对处理器芯片领域，论述了基于开源模式、兼顾开放与自主的发展路线的可行性。
英文摘要
China leaders have been always emphasizing both openness and self-reliance over the past decades. However, it is challenging for institutes and researchers to properly deal with the two requirements which are considered to be unachievable at the same time. In this study, we propose four openness modes as well as two principles for handling openness and self-reliance in the development of science and technology. This paper presents the case study on how Chinese computer pioneers made strategical decisions on the openness and self-reliance in the very early age of Chinese computer history. We also retrospect the practice of openness in the history of the development of science and technology in China. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of adopting the opensource mode to achieve both openness and self-reliance in the processor area.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20210420001
作者简介
包云岗 中国科学院计算技术研究所副所长、研究员,中国科学院大学教授。中国科学院青年创新促进会优秀会员、第三届与第四届理事,中国开放指令生态(RISC-V)联盟秘书长,RISC-V国际基金会理事,《中国科学院院刊》青年专家委员会主任。从事计算机体系结构和开源芯片方向前沿研究,主持研制多款达到国际先进水平的原型系统,相关技术在华为、阿里、英特尔、微软等国内外企业应用。发表学术论文70余篇,长期受邀担任国际顶级会议程序委员会委员。入选ARM全球研究峰会45分钟特邀大会报告,获"CCF-Intel青年学者"奖、"CCF-IEEE CS"青年科学家奖、共青团中央"全国向上向善好青年"荣誉称号等。
E-mail:baoyg@ict.ac.cn
BAO Yungang Professor and Deputy Director of Institute of Computing Technology (ICT),Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),and Director of the Research Center for Advanced Computer Systems (ACS) of ICT,CAS.His research focuses on computer systems and has been adopted by industry companies including Alibaba,Huawei,Intel,Microsoft,etc.He is on the Board of Director of RISC-V International Foundation and also founded China RISC-V Alliance.He is the Director of the Committee of Young Experts of Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences.He was one of three keynote speakers at ARM Research Summit 2018,the winner of CCF-Intel Young Faculty Award of the year for 2013,and CCF-IEEE CS Young Scientist Award of the year for 2019.He won China's National Lofty Honor for Youth under 40 in 2019.
E-mail:baoyg@ict.ac.cn
孙凝晖 中国工程院院士,中国科学院计算技术研究所学术所长、研究员、博士生导师,计算机体系结构国家重点实验室主任、学术委员会副主任,中国科学院大学计算机与控制学院副院长。中国计算机学会高性能计算专业委员会主任,中国计算机学会副理事长,《计算机学报》主编,中国科学院信息科技领域发展路线图战略研究专家组组长。主要研究领域包括高性能计算、计算机体系结构。
E-mail:snh@ict.ac.cn
SUN Ninghui Ph.D.,Professor,Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering.He is the Scientific Director of Institute of Computing Technology (ICT),Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).He is also the Director of State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture,Vice Chairman of Academic Committee of the laboratory.Dr.Sun is the Vice President of China Computer Federation (CCF),and the Director of CCF Technical Committee on High Performance Computing (TCHPC).He serves as Editor-in-Chief of Chinese Journal of Computers.Currently,Dr.Sun is the leader of the expert group on strategic studies of information technology development roadmap in CAS.His main research interests include high performance computing and computer architecture.
E-mail:snh@ict.ac.cn
E-mail:baoyg@ict.ac.cn
BAO Yungang Professor and Deputy Director of Institute of Computing Technology (ICT),Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),and Director of the Research Center for Advanced Computer Systems (ACS) of ICT,CAS.His research focuses on computer systems and has been adopted by industry companies including Alibaba,Huawei,Intel,Microsoft,etc.He is on the Board of Director of RISC-V International Foundation and also founded China RISC-V Alliance.He is the Director of the Committee of Young Experts of Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences.He was one of three keynote speakers at ARM Research Summit 2018,the winner of CCF-Intel Young Faculty Award of the year for 2013,and CCF-IEEE CS Young Scientist Award of the year for 2019.He won China's National Lofty Honor for Youth under 40 in 2019.
E-mail:baoyg@ict.ac.cn
孙凝晖 中国工程院院士,中国科学院计算技术研究所学术所长、研究员、博士生导师,计算机体系结构国家重点实验室主任、学术委员会副主任,中国科学院大学计算机与控制学院副院长。中国计算机学会高性能计算专业委员会主任,中国计算机学会副理事长,《计算机学报》主编,中国科学院信息科技领域发展路线图战略研究专家组组长。主要研究领域包括高性能计算、计算机体系结构。
E-mail:snh@ict.ac.cn
SUN Ninghui Ph.D.,Professor,Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering.He is the Scientific Director of Institute of Computing Technology (ICT),Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).He is also the Director of State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture,Vice Chairman of Academic Committee of the laboratory.Dr.Sun is the Vice President of China Computer Federation (CCF),and the Director of CCF Technical Committee on High Performance Computing (TCHPC).He serves as Editor-in-Chief of Chinese Journal of Computers.Currently,Dr.Sun is the leader of the expert group on strategic studies of information technology development roadmap in CAS.His main research interests include high performance computing and computer architecture.
E-mail:snh@ict.ac.cn
