量子力学诠释与波普尔哲学的“三个世界”

Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and Karl Popper's Three Worlds

        孙昌璞(1 中国工程物理研究院研究生院 北京 100193;
2 北京计算科学研究中心 北京 100193)

         物质一元论;哥本哈根诠释;三个世界;客观知识;客观量子测量

        material monism;Copenhagen interpretation;three worlds;objective knowledge;objective quantum measurement

        基于“物质一元论”的观点，文章阐述了量子力学如何描述微观世界的客观属性。文章认为，由于采用了不具唯一性的波包塌缩假设，哥本哈根诠释对哲学基本问题构成的挑战并非根本性的，有人由此得到物质-意识不可分的结论在科学和哲学都是不严谨的。针对卡尔·波普尔“三个世界”哲学，文章基于量子测量理论描述了多个观察者如何对微观系统进行探测，形成客观的量子测量，产生微观世界的客观知识，从而对波普尔的客观知识世界（世界3）给出了基于量子力学本体论的哲学解读：物质世界（世界1）与精神感知世界（世界2）的物化载体（认识主体）相互作用，形成二者的关联和纠缠，它们对应了主观世界在内的精神感知全体，其中具有客观性的部分构成了微观世界的客观知识。文章还指出，伴随着微观系统客观知识世界的形成，信息从物质世界流向主观客体，信息流的指向定义了不同于通常物质世界的精神感知的物化载体。

        Base on the view of material monism, this paper explains how quantum mechanics describes the objectivity of the microscopic world. It points out that the challenge posed by the Copenhagen interpretation to the fundamental problem of philosophy is not essential, due to its adoption of the wave-packet collapse hypothesis which is non-unique to implement repeatable measurement. Therefore, the conclusion that matter and consciousness are inseparable is not rigorous either from scientific or from philosophical perspective. With regard to Karl Popper's philosophy of "three worlds", our quantum theory of measurement describes how the multiple observers probe into the micro system to obtain the objective knowledge about the microworld with objective quantum measurements, thus gives an ontological interpretation to the objective knowledge world (World 3) of Popper:the material world (World 1) interacts with the materialized carrier of spiritual perception world (World 2), forming the correlations or entanglements between the two worlds. These correspond to all mental perception including the subjective world. Here, the objective part, which can be defined by the objective quantum measurement, constitutes the objective knowledge world (World 3) of micro system. As the objective knowledge world emerges, the information flows from the material world to the subjective object. The direction of information flow defines the materialized carrier of spiritual perception, that is different from the usual material world.