研发海洋“负排放”技术 支撑国家“碳中和”需求

Developing Ocean Negative Carbon Emission Technology to Support National Carbon Neutralization

        焦念志(厦门大学 海洋与地球学院 厦门 361005)

         碳中和;负排放;海洋碳汇;微型生物碳泵

        carbon neutralization;negative emission;marine carbon sink;microbial carbon pump

        应对气候变化的关键是实现碳中和。实现碳中和的基本途径包括“减排”（减少向大气中排放CO₂）和“增汇”（增加对大气中CO₂的吸收）。我国作为碳排放大国和发展中国家，应在尽可能减排的同时想方设法增汇，也即研发负排放的方法与途径，这是实现碳中和的必由之路，应强调主动作为。海洋是地球上最大的活跃碳库，有着巨大的碳汇潜力和负排放研发前景。我国的海洋碳汇理论研究已走在国际前沿，并推动了科学与政策的连接。当前，应从顶层设计、及时布局，对外引领国际大科学计划，对内结合国情大力研发海洋负排放技术，打造负排放生态工程；建立海洋碳汇标准体系，并通过大科学计划将其推向世界，占领国际制高点，为实现碳中和宏伟目标提供有力的科技支撑。

        Carbon neutrality is the right means to cope with global warming. The basic approaches to achieve carbon neutralization include reducing CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere and increasing carbon sinks or negative emissions (absorption of atmospheric CO₂). As a developing country and a big emitter, China should try its best to increase carbon sinks while reducing emissions as much as possible. The ocean is the largest active carbon pool on Earth, with great potentials for carbon negative emission. We have established marine carbon sequestration theory, which has laid solid foundation for negative emission and set up the linkage between science and policy. At present, China should take the lead of the international program on the ocean negative carbon emission (ONCE), and put it into practice through top design, timely layout, and development of ONCE technology, and then establish ONCE protocols and standards for carbon trade.