长期生态学研究支撑新疆南疆生态建设和科技扶贫

Long-term Ecological Research Supports Ecological Construction and Poverty Alleviation Through Science & Technology in Southern Xinjiang, China

        曾凡江(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 策勒沙漠研究站 策勒 848300)
        李向义(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 策勒沙漠研究站 策勒 848300)
        李磊(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 策勒沙漠研究站 策勒 848300)
        刘波(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 策勒沙漠研究站 策勒 848300)
        薛杰(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 策勒沙漠研究站 策勒 848300)
        桂东伟(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 策勒沙漠研究站 策勒 848300)
        雷加强(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 策勒沙漠研究站 策勒 848300)

         新疆南部;流沙治理;棉花高产栽培技术;水资源优化利用;科技扶贫

        Southern Xinjiang;quick sand control model;cultivation techniques of high yield of cotton;optimization utilization of water resources;poverty alleviation through science & technology

        中国科学院策勒沙漠研究站（以下简称“策勒站”）位于新疆南部塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘。脆弱的生态环境、频繁的风沙危害，严重地影响了人民群众的生产生活，制约了地区的经济社会发展。20世纪80年代初，沙漠持续前移，“沙临城下”——距策勒县城仅1.5 km。流动沙丘不断掩埋良田，蚕食绿洲。策勒站围绕区域脆弱生态环境治理和农牧民脱贫增收所急需的关键科技问题，通过长期监测研究和试验示范，系统阐明了极端干旱区主要优势植物的逆境响应机制和适应策略，构建了流沙治理模式，提出了引洪灌溉大面积恢复柽柳植被的技术体系，解除了流沙侵袭对策勒县城的威胁；同时，还提出了绿洲外围新垦沙荒地棉花高产稳产种植模式和肉苁蓉接种的技术体系，创建了区域水资源优化利用的技术体系，并在新疆推广应用，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。策勒站已成为国家部署在新疆南部的重要科技研发平台和试验示范基地，为区域生态环境建设和经济社会发展作出了重要贡献。

        Cele Desert Research Station is located in the southern rim of Takelimagan Desert of Xinjiang, China. The fragile ecological environment and frequent sand storms in the area have seriously affected the livelihood, and restricted the economic and social development of the region. In the early 1980s, the frontier of the desert was only 1.5 km away from the town of Cele. Under this very urgent situation of “The sand at the gates”, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (the former of Xinjiang Desert Institute of Biological and Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences) established Cele Desert Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as “Cele Station”). Researchers came to Cele, and started desertification prevention and control work. Since its establishment, Cele Station has accomplished a series of research and development achievements through longterm monitoring, research, experiments, and demonstration, focusing on the key scientific and technological issues urgently needed by regional fragile ecological environment management, and farmers and herdsmen to overcome poverty and increase their income. In terms of theoretical research, stress response mechanisms and adaptation strategies of dominant plants species in extreme arid regions were systematically expounded. In terms of technology research, development, application, and promotion, Cele Station has constructed the quick sand control model, put forward the technical system of restoring Tamarix chinensis vegetation in flood diversion irrigation, and remove the threat of quick sand invasion to Cele County. The technology has been widely applied in central Asia and Africa. The planting mode of high and stable yield of cotton and the technical system of inoculation of Cistanche were put forward. These practices have gained great economic and social benefits in Xinjiang. A technical system for optimizing the utilization of regional water resources has been established and popularized in Southern Xinjiang. Cele Station has become an important platform of scientific and technological research and development, and an experimental demonstration base, and has made important contributions to regional ecological environment construction, economic and social development.