中国典型沙漠区主要优势植被的稳定修复途径与可持续经营技术
Stable Restoration Pattern and Sustainable Management Technology of Main Dominant Vegetation in Typical Desert Areas of China
Stable Restoration Pattern and Sustainable Management Technology of Main Dominant Vegetation in Typical Desert Areas of China
作者
曾凡江(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站 策勒 848300)
张文军(内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 呼和浩特 010000)
刘国军(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心 乌鲁木齐 830011)
张道远(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011)
李向义(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站 策勒 848300)
张雷(内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 呼和浩特 010000)
袁立敏(内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 呼和浩特 010000)
张希明(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站 策勒 848300)
张文军(内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 呼和浩特 010000)
刘国军(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心 乌鲁木齐 830011)
张道远(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011)
李向义(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站 策勒 848300)
张雷(内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 呼和浩特 010000)
袁立敏(内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 呼和浩特 010000)
张希明(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站 策勒 848300)
中文关键词
典型沙漠;沙地;地下水位;优势植被;生物生态学特性;稳定修复;可持续经营
英文关键词
typical desert;sandy land;groundwater table;dominant vegetation;bio-ecological characteristics;stable restoration;sustainable management
中文摘要
通过对中国典型沙漠区（塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地、科尔沁沙地、浑善达克沙地）主要优势植被的系统研究和综合分析，揭示了优势植被的逆境适应特征和稳定修复途径，提出了植被可持续管理技术。研究结果表明：（1）植物根系与地下潜水或土壤毛管水保持连通。保持合理的生态用水和维持稳定的地下水位对于区域优势木本植物的修复和保育具有重要意义。（2）地下水、融雪、降雨形成的浅层土壤水是梭梭的主要水源。充分利用好降水季节变化和梭梭更新的自然规律，形成科学合理的种植技术措施，对梭梭的修复和保育具有重要意义。（3）封育保护对于沙漠（地）优势植被的稳定恢复具有十分重要的作用。该研究将为干旱区荒漠-绿洲过渡带优势植被修复和优化管理提供科学依据和技术支撑。
英文摘要
In this study, we systematically researched and comprehensively analyzed dominant plants in typical deserts in China, including Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Horqin Sandy land, and Hunshandak Sandy land, and revealed the characteristics of stress adaptation and stable restoration of dominant vegetation, and proposed the sustainable management technology of vegetation. The results are shown as the followings. (1) Desert plant roots remain connected to underground diving or soil capillary water. It is of great significance to maintain reasonable ecological water use and stable groundwater table for the restoration and conservation of dominant woody plants in these regions. (2) The shallow soil water formed by groundwater, snowmelt, and rainfall is the main water source of Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.). It is of great significance for the restoration and conservation of H. ammodendron to make full use of the natural law of seasonal change of precipitation and the renewal of H. ammodendron to form scientific and reasonable planting technical measures. (3) Closure protection plays an important role in the stable restoration of dominant vegetation in desert (sandy land). The results can provide scientific basis and technical supports for the restoration and optimal management of dominant vegetation in the oasis-desert transition zone in arid region.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20200420001
作者简介
曾凡江 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所研究员、博士生导师,新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站站长。专业方向是干旱区植物生态学。《生态学杂志》 《干旱区研究》编委。曾主持包括国家科技支撑计划项目课题、国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(“973”课题)、中国科学院科技服务网络项目(STS项目)等科研项目20余项。现主持国家自然科学基金委-新疆联合基金重点支持项目、中国科学院科技扶贫项目、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)子课题。获得新疆维吾尔自治区科技进步奖一等奖2项、二等奖2项;发表研究论文150余篇(SCI收录80余篇);获得国家授权发明专利10余项;出版专著2部。
E-mail:zengfj@ms.xjb.ac.cn
ZENG Fanjiang Ph.D., Professor and Ph.D. Advisor in Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the director of the Cele Desert Research Station, CAS. His academic major is plant ecology in the arid zone. He is also a member of the editorial board of the Chinese Journal of Ecology and Arid Zone Research. Moreover, he has presided over more than 20 scientific research projects such as the National Science and Technology Support Program project, the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (“973” Project), CAS Technology Service Network Project (STS Project). He is currently chairing the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Xinjiang Joint Fund Key Support Project, the Science and Technology Poverty Alleviation Project of CAS, and the Sub-project of Category A Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS. At the same time, he had won first prize twice and second prize twice for the Science and Technology Progress Award of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; and published more than 150 related academic papers (more than 80 indexed in SCI), more than 10 national authorized invention patents and 2 books.
E-mail:zengfj@ms.xjb.ac.cn
张文军 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院副院长、研究员。中国林学会理事、内蒙古林学会副理事长兼秘书长、内蒙古自治区“草原英才”、国务院特殊津贴专家。主要从事荒漠化防治和植被恢复方面的研究,主持或参加完成科研项目40多项,研究成果获国家科技进步奖二等奖1项、内蒙古自治区科技进步奖一等奖1项、甘肃省科技进步奖一等奖1项等,发表论文40多篇,著作3部;授权发明专利2项、制定并颁布自治区地方技术标准3项。
E-mail:nmg_zhwj@126.com
ZHANG Wenjun Ph.D., Researcher, Vice President of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Director of the Chinese Society of Forestry, Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Inner Mongolia Society of Forestry, the “Grassland Talents” of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, expert with State Council Special Allowance. Mainly engaged in research on desertification control and vegetation restoration, chaired over or participated in more than 40 scientific research projects; the research achievements won a second class prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award, a first class prize of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Progress Award, a first class prize of Gansu Province Science and Technology Progress Award, etc. He has published over 40 science papers; two of his Patent for Invention have been authorized, and three Local Technical Standard of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have been formulated and promulgated.
E-mail:nmg_zhwj@126.com
E-mail:zengfj@ms.xjb.ac.cn
ZENG Fanjiang Ph.D., Professor and Ph.D. Advisor in Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the director of the Cele Desert Research Station, CAS. His academic major is plant ecology in the arid zone. He is also a member of the editorial board of the Chinese Journal of Ecology and Arid Zone Research. Moreover, he has presided over more than 20 scientific research projects such as the National Science and Technology Support Program project, the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (“973” Project), CAS Technology Service Network Project (STS Project). He is currently chairing the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Xinjiang Joint Fund Key Support Project, the Science and Technology Poverty Alleviation Project of CAS, and the Sub-project of Category A Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS. At the same time, he had won first prize twice and second prize twice for the Science and Technology Progress Award of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; and published more than 150 related academic papers (more than 80 indexed in SCI), more than 10 national authorized invention patents and 2 books.
E-mail:zengfj@ms.xjb.ac.cn
张文军 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院副院长、研究员。中国林学会理事、内蒙古林学会副理事长兼秘书长、内蒙古自治区“草原英才”、国务院特殊津贴专家。主要从事荒漠化防治和植被恢复方面的研究,主持或参加完成科研项目40多项,研究成果获国家科技进步奖二等奖1项、内蒙古自治区科技进步奖一等奖1项、甘肃省科技进步奖一等奖1项等,发表论文40多篇,著作3部;授权发明专利2项、制定并颁布自治区地方技术标准3项。
E-mail:nmg_zhwj@126.com
ZHANG Wenjun Ph.D., Researcher, Vice President of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Director of the Chinese Society of Forestry, Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Inner Mongolia Society of Forestry, the “Grassland Talents” of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, expert with State Council Special Allowance. Mainly engaged in research on desertification control and vegetation restoration, chaired over or participated in more than 40 scientific research projects; the research achievements won a second class prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award, a first class prize of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Progress Award, a first class prize of Gansu Province Science and Technology Progress Award, etc. He has published over 40 science papers; two of his Patent for Invention have been authorized, and three Local Technical Standard of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have been formulated and promulgated.
E-mail:nmg_zhwj@126.com
