冰冻圈水文学：解密地球最大淡水库
Cryospheric Hydrology: Decode the Largest Freshwater Reservoir on Earth
Cryospheric Hydrology: Decode the Largest Freshwater Reservoir on Earth
作者
丁永建(中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室 兰州 730000;中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室 兰州 730000;中国科学院大学 北京 100049)
张世强(陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室 西安 710127;西北大学 城市与环境学院 西安 710127)
陈仁升(中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室 兰州 730000)
张世强(陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室 西安 710127;西北大学 城市与环境学院 西安 710127)
陈仁升(中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室 兰州 730000)
中文关键词
冰冻圈;冰冻圈水文;水文作用;变化;影响
英文关键词
cryosphere;cryospheric hydrology;hydrological function;change;impact
中文摘要
冰冻圈水体以固态存在，固态水融化后在流域、区域乃至全球尺度上影响水文、水资源和水循环。文章从水文学视角，重点从冰冻圈水文功能、融水径流过程及其影响、冰冻圈水文生态与环境效应等方面介绍冰冻圈水文研究的内容和最新进展。冰冻圈水文功能主要表现在水源涵养、径流补给、水资源调节3个方面。在气候变暖的背景下，冰冻圈水文过程已经发生了显著变化，冰川消融期提前，冰川融水径流增多；融雪期提前，多年冻土退化导致冬季径流增加，对流域径流的年内调节能力增加。预估未来气候变化情景下，冰川融水持续减少，其变化对我国西北地区的水资源管理带来更大挑战。冰冻圈水文过程变化也对寒区生态系统和生态工程、洪水灾害及可持续发展、乃至地缘政治有重要影响。
英文摘要
The cryosphere is solid reservoir, and the meltwater of cryosphere affects hydrology, water resource, and water cycles in the watershed, regional, even global scale. The article reviewed on the current research results on the hydrological function, hydrological processes of meltwater and runoff and their effect, the impact on ecosystem and environment of cryosphere from hydrology view. The hydrological function mainly includes the water conservation, runoff supply, and regulation on water resource. The hydrological processes have significantly changed under the background of climate change, the onset of glacier melting period starts earlier and the volume of melting water has increased, and the snow melting period starts earlier, the permafrost degradation has led to winter runoff increasing, which increases the regulation function of watershed runoff. The projected glacier meltwater will continuingly decrease under the future climate change, which will bring greater challenge on the water resource management of Northwest China. The changes in hydrological process of cryosphere also have important impact on the ecosystem and ecological engineering, flood hazard and sustainability, and geopolitics in cold regions.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20200302002
作者简介
丁永建 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院研究员、博士生导师。主要从事寒区水文与水资源、寒旱区环境与全球变化研究。在冰冻圈水文研究方面开拓和发展了学科研究领域和理论,从寒区水文观测到模拟构建了学科研究的方法体系。在开拓冰冻圈变化影响研究方面作出了贡献,提出冰冻圈科学学科框架体系,拓展了冰冻圈科学的内涵。主持中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目、"973 "项目和国家重大研究计划项目(A类)各1项,主持国家自然科学基金重点项目3项。发表相关学术论文300多篇,主编《寒区水文导论》《冰冻圈水文学》等专著12部。
E-mail:dyj@lzb.ac.cn
DING Yongjian Professor and Ph.D.Supervisor of Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).His research interests focus on the hydrology and water resource in cold regions,environment and climate change in cold and arid regions.He has established and developed research field of cryospheric hydrology,and integrated the research methods from field hydrological observation to simulation in cold regions.He has made contributions to the basic research on the impact of cryospheric changes,and put forward the framework of cryospheric science,and expanded the connotation of cryospheric science.He has coordinated multiple research projects including one major project of Knowledge Innovation Engineering of CAS,one" 973"project,and one project of National Major Research Plan (Category A),and three key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China.He has published more than 300 research papers and 12 books including Introduction on Hydrology in Clod Regions and Cryospheric Hydrology.
E-mail:dyj@lzb.ac.cn
E-mail:dyj@lzb.ac.cn
DING Yongjian Professor and Ph.D.Supervisor of Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).His research interests focus on the hydrology and water resource in cold regions,environment and climate change in cold and arid regions.He has established and developed research field of cryospheric hydrology,and integrated the research methods from field hydrological observation to simulation in cold regions.He has made contributions to the basic research on the impact of cryospheric changes,and put forward the framework of cryospheric science,and expanded the connotation of cryospheric science.He has coordinated multiple research projects including one major project of Knowledge Innovation Engineering of CAS,one" 973"project,and one project of National Major Research Plan (Category A),and three key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China.He has published more than 300 research papers and 12 books including Introduction on Hydrology in Clod Regions and Cryospheric Hydrology.
E-mail:dyj@lzb.ac.cn
