科研数据开放的国际实践及对我国的启示

International Practice of Open Research Data and Its Enlightenment to China
作者
        阿儒涵(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049)
        吴丛(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        李晓轩(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049)
中文关键词
         科研数据;开放;国际实践;启示
英文关键词
        research data;open;international practices;enlightenments
中文摘要
        科研数据的开放共享被认为是下一个十年科研活动最显著的特征。在既有的生态观测和依托大型科研仪器设备所产生的“大科学”数据开放共享的基础之上,欧盟、美国等也在积极布局推进个体科研人员在科研过程中产生的“小科学”数据开放共享。小科学数据的开放共享有望将割裂的科研个体联接为科研创新网络,从而引发科研组织模式、创新范式的新变革。文章从资助机构推动、数据期刊建设、科研数据开放平台实践3个方面梳理了欧美国家在小科学数据开放共享中的实践,并提出对我国科研数据开放共享的启示。
英文摘要
        Open research data is considered to be the most significant feature of scientific research activities in the next decade. On the basis of existing ecological observations and the “opening of large scientific data” generated by large scientific research equipment, the European Union and the United States are also actively promoting the opening of “small science” research data generated by individual researchers in the process of scientific research. The opening of small scientific research data is expected to connect the fragmented scientific research individuals into a scientific research innovation network, thereby triggering new reforms in the scientific research organization model and innovation paradigm. This research firstly sorts out the practices of European and American countries in open research data from three aspects: the promotion of funding institutions, the construction of data journals, and the practice of open platforms for scientific research data. Then, three enlightenments for open research data in China are proposed.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20191216002
作者简介
阿儒涵 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院副研究员,中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院第三方评估研究支撑中心主任助理,硕士研究生导师,中国科学院青年创新促进会会员。主要研究领域为政府科研经费配置与管理。承担来自财政部、中国科学院、国家自然科学基金委员会的多项决策支撑项目,研究成果多次支撑国家科研经费管理改革政策的制定。承担国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目、面上项目等多项研究项目,在国内重要期刊发表多篇学术论文。
E-mail:arh@casisd.cn
Aruhan Associate Researcher of Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD),director assistant of the Third Party Evaluation and Research Center,CASISD,member of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).Her research interest focuses on the allocation and management of government scientific research funds.Dr.Aruhan undertook a number of decision support projects from the Ministry of Finance of China,CAS,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).The research results have repeatedly supported the reform policy making of national research funding management.Dr.Aruhan also undertook a number of research projects such as the young scientists fund project,general project from NSFC,etc.,and published nearly 20 academic papers in important domestic journals.
E-mail:arh@casisd.cn
李晓轩 中国科学院管理创新与评估研究中心主任,中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院研究员,博士研究生导师。现任北京市政协委员。主要研究领域为科研管理,涉及科技评价、科技人力资源管理、科研经费管理等研究方向。长期从事政府科技管理与政策方面的决策研究工作,近年来主要承担来自中国科学院、国家发展和改革委员会、财政部、科学技术部、国家自然科学基金委员会等重要科研课题。撰写了大量研究报告和研究论文。
E-mail:xiaoxuan@casisd.cn
LI Xiaoxuan Director of the Evaluation Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),professor and doctoral supervisor at Institutes of Science and Development,CAS.Member of Beijing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.His research area focuses on scientific research management,including research evaluation,human resource management,and research funding management.In recent years,he has mainly undertaken important scientific research projects from CAS,the National Development and Reform Commission,the Ministry of Finance,the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,National Natural Science Foundation of China,and so on.He has published more than 100 research reports and papers in domestic and international journals in management innovation and evaluation area.
E-mail:xiaoxuan@casisd.cn
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