中关村科学城的兴起（1951—1999年）

Rise of Science City in Zhongguancun (1951-1999)

        杨小林(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)

         中关村;科学城;电子一条街;体制改革;新技术产业开发试验区

        Zhongguancun;science city;Electronic Street;institutional reform;experimental zone

        1951年4月，北京市政府在"清华以南，海淀以东，京绥铁路以西，大泥湾以北"地带为中国科学院"保留相当发展用地"。1953年10月，中国科学院入主此地，这里从此有了"大名"——中关村。截至1966年，中国科学院直属研究机构118个，分布在北京的有28个，其中22个在中关村地区。1980年10月，陈春先在此创立"北京等离子体学会先进技术发展服务部"，并拉开了"中关村电子一条街"的序幕。1988年5月，北京新技术产业开发试验区在"电子一条街"基础上诞生。1999年5月，国务院决定加快建设中关村科技园区，从此，中关村超越了地域的概念，而成为高科技的象征符号。中关村的辉煌是与中国科学院的发展与体制改革密不可分的。

        In April 1951, the Beijing Municipal Government "reserved considerable development land" in the area of "south of Tsinghua, east of Haidian, west of Beijing-Suiyuan Railway, north of Daniwan". In October 1953, Chinese Academy of Sciences settled there, and since then, there has the "formal name"-Zhongguancun. As of 1966, there were 118 research institutes directly in Chinese Academy of Sciences, and 28 in Beijing, 22 of which were at Zhongguancun. In October 1980, Chen Chunxian's "Advanced Technology Development Service Department of Beijing Plasma Society" was founded there, which opened the prelude to "Zhongguancun Electronic Street". In May 1988, the Beijing New Technology Industry Development Experimental Zone was born on the basis of "Electronic Street". In May 1999, the State Council decided to speed up the construction of the Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park. Since then, Zhongguancun has transcended the concept of geography and has become a symbol of high technology. The glory of Zhongguancun is inseparable from the development and institutional reform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.