现代农业科技助力马铃薯产业精准扶贫——中国科学院微生物研究所马铃薯产业科技扶贫实践与启示

Precise Poverty Alleviation Aided by Modern Agriculture Technology—Practice and Inspiration from IMCAS's Actions on Promoting Potato Industry in Poverty Regions

        仲乃琴(中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101)
        李丹(中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101)
        任园园(中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101)
        刘宁(中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101)
        赵盼(中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101)

         科技扶贫;马铃薯产业脱贫;精准脱贫

        technology-based poverty alleviation;potato industry;targeted approach to alleviating poverty

        马铃薯是我国第四大农作物，其70%以上的产区分布在集中连片特殊困难地区。马铃薯种植是产业扶贫的重要抓手之一；促进马铃薯产业科技成果在贫困地区的转化，是以科技手段为新动力、实现精准扶贫的有效措施。当前，我国马铃薯产业发展升级面临脱毒种薯普及率低、病害严重、自然灾害频发等瓶颈问题。近年来，中国科学院微生物研究所联合院内多家单位，聚焦马铃薯脱毒种薯繁育、化肥农药高效利用及病虫害绿色防控等方面研究，并在贵州水城县及宁夏、内蒙古等地开展精准农技输出，助力产业扶贫，取得显著成效。文章系统梳理了马铃薯产业脱贫中存在的问题，总结了马铃薯绿色高效生产技术模式及其在科技精准扶贫中的应用，并围绕生产标准化、应用差异化、创新体系化，展望了未来的发展方向和工作重点。

        Potato is the fourth most important crop in China, and nearly 70% of its production area overlaps the contiguous, destitute regions, which made potato one of the promising crops for poverty alleviation considering its economic value, high yield, and adaptability. Therefore, transformation of advanced potato cultivation techniques in severe poverty regions is an efficient and robust strategy for precise poverty alleviation. Nevertheless, potato production in China is threatened by several critical issues, including low coverage of virus-free potato seed tubers, infestation by various pathogens, and frequent natural hazards. These obstacles mentioned above impeded the improvement of potato sector, ultimately jeopardizing the poverty reduction through potato cultivation in impoverished rural areas. With endeavors from other institutions, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS) put continuing efforts on optimization of virus-free seed potato production, enhancement of application technology of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, eco-friendly techniques for disease and pest management, and other related research fields in recent years, resulting in the emergence of a Green, High-efficient, Integrated Technique Cultivation (GHITC) system for potato growers and their poverty alleviation. Great achievements have been obtained by introduction of GHITC system to Guizhou, Ningxia, Inter-Mongolia and other potato-growing poverty regions. In this study, we comprehensively rule out the key issues in poverty alleviation through potato industry, systematically summarize advantages of potato GHITC system as well as its contributions to precise poverty alleviation, and speculate future investigations on standardized production, differentiated application, and systematized innovation.