中国科学院院刊-国家科学思想库核心媒体

促进南方红壤丘陵区农业可持续发展的复合农业生态系统长期观测研究

Long-term Observational Studies of Complex Agro-ecosystem Promotes Agricultural Sustainable Development in Hilly Red Soil Region of South China

作者

        魏文学(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        谢小立(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        秦红灵(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        李凤娜(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        陈安磊(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        张文钊(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        盛荣(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        陈焱国(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        侯海军(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        尹春梅(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        陈春兰(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        刘毅(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        王卫(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)
        刘飞(中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室长沙 410125;中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站桃源 415700)

中文关键词

南方红壤;水土流失;耕地退化;温室气体排放;农牧复合;可持续发展

英文关键词

red soil in South China;soil erosion;cultivated land degradation;greenhouse gas emission;agro-pastoral ecosystem;sustainable development

中文摘要

我国南方红壤丘陵区土壤质地黏重，透水性差，季节性降雨分布严重不足，极易发生水土流失；不合理的耕作措施加剧土壤侵蚀，导致土壤肥力下降，制约当地农业的可持续发展。1979年中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站（以下简称“桃源站”）建站以来，系统开展了区域农业生态系统优化管理、农业整体效益的提高和建立区域农业综合发展的技术体系与优化模式，并进行示范推广，为南方红壤丘陵区农田生态系统耕地地力提升和水土流失治理、区域农业结构调整和生态环境改善提供重要理论和技术支撑。通过系统分析南方潜育性和次生潜育化水稻土的形成原因，为我国潜育性水田的治理提供技术支撑；研究红壤稻田生态系统可持续生产力与系统健康的协调机制，为稻田生态系统持续、高效生产提供理论依据和技术支撑；系统解析驱动稻田N₂O和CH₄排放关键过程的微生物作用机理，为我国农田温室气体减排提供重要的科学依据；系统解析我国农田生态系统土壤细菌和反硝化微生物的分布格局和主要驱动因素，为大尺度刻画我国农田土壤微生物群落组成机构及生态功能奠定基础；研究猪日粮功能性氨基酸代谢与生理功能调控机制，提升我国科学养猪水平和养猪业的健康可持续发展；探明了多年蔬菜连作对土壤氮素转化功能的影响及其微生物作用机制，并提出相应调控措施，为蔬菜土氮素的调控提供强有力理论依据和技术支持；研究典型农田生态系统养分流失特征及影响因素，构建丘岗复合农业生态系统氮磷拦截与生态消纳模式和稻田流失氮磷生态湿地消纳技术，为防控农田生态系统氮磷面源污染提供技术支撑；构建南方丘陵区坡地种草养羊与农牧资源循环利用模式并开展示范推广，服务当地农业可持续发展。未来，桃源站在中国科学院“率先行动”计划指导下，将为区域农业可持续发展作出更大的贡献。

英文摘要

The red soil hilly areas in South China were prone to soil erosion due to their poor soil viscosity, poor water permeability, and inadequate seasonal rainfall distribution. Inappropriate tillage measures aggravated soil erosion, decreased soil fertility, and therefore restricted the sustainable development of local agriculture. Since the Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established in 1979, researchers have systematically upgraded management of regional agricultural ecosystem, increased the overall agricultural benefits, and established a technical system and an optimized mode of the comprehensive development of regional agriculture in the station. The demonstration and promotion will provide important theoretical and technical support for soil erosion control, regional agricultural restructuring, and the improvement of farmland productivity and ecological environment in red soil hilly areas in South China. We have systematically studied the formation mechanism of gley and secondary gley paddy soil to provide technical support for gleyed paddy field management; the coordination mechanism between sustainable productivity and system health of paddy field ecosystem to provide theoretical basis and technical support for sustainable and efficient production of paddy field ecosystem in red soil; the microbial mechanism driving the key processes of N₂O and CH₄ emission from rice fields to provide vital scientific basis for reducing greenhouse gas emission in farmland of China; the distribution pattern and the main driving factors of soil bacteria and denitrifying microorganism in farmland to depict the composition of farmland soil microbial community in the large scale; the control mechanism of functional amino acid metabolism and physiological function of pig diet to scientifically improve the level of pig breeding and the development of China's pig breeding industry in a healthy and sustainable way; nitrogen transformation mechanism in vegetable soil and the corresponding control measures to provide a strong theoretical foundation and technical support for nitrogen control in vegetable soil; the characteristics and influencing factors of nutrient loss in typical farmland ecosystem, the model of nitrogen and phosphorus interception and ecological absorption in hilly composite agricultural ecosystem to provide technical support for the prevention and control of non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland ecosystems; recycling utilization model of agricultural and pastoral resources to promote the sustainable development of local agriculture. In the future, the scientists of Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station will make greater contribution to the sustainable development of regional agriculture under the guidance of the "Pioneer Initiative Action" plan of CAS.

DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2019.02.013

作者简介

魏文学中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所研究员,中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站站长,中国科学院"百人计划"入选者、中国科学院"朱李月华优秀教师奖"获得者、享受国务院政府特殊津贴,并兼任中国土壤学会土壤生物与生物化学专业委员会副主任、国家土壤质量标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC404)委员、湖南省土壤肥料学会常务理事、湖南省海外交流协会第三届理事会理事。长期从事土壤养分循环过程与机理研究,重点围绕农田生态系统碳、氮、磷循环过程的微生物作用机理及调控技术开展研究。曾先后主持中国科学院"百人计划"、国家自然科学基金面上项目、重点项目、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题等课题10余项。迄今已发表学术论文100余篇,其中SCI检索论文40余篇,获省部级科技奖2项,申请专利6项。
E-mail:wenxuewei@isa.ac.cn
WEI Wenxue Ph.D., Professor in the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the Director of Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station, CAS. He currently serves as a Vice Director of Soil Biology and Biochemistry Committee of Chinese Soil Society, a member of National Technical Committee on Soil Quality of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC404), a standing director of Hunan Soil Fertilizer Society, and a member of The Third Council of Hunan Overseas Exchange Association. He has wide interests in soil nutrient cycling and related microbial mechanisms, especially in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in agricultural systems. Till now, he has presided over more than 10 projects, including the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Strategic Priority Project of CAS. He has published more than 100 related academic papers, including more than 40 SCI indexed papers and has six authorized patents. He enjoys the government special allowance of the State Council, and he is the winner of "Hundred Talents Project" from CAS in 2006 and the "Zhuliyuehua Excellent Teacher Award" of CAS in 2016. As the main accomplisher, he was awarded the first prize of Natural Science Award of Hunan Province in 2016 and the second prize of Scientific and Technological Progress Award of Ministry of Education in 2018.
E-mail:wenxuewei@isa.ac.cn