基因组的设计与工程化构建

Genome Design and Engineering Construction

        薛小莉(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所 中国科学院合成生物学重点实验室 上海 200032)
        覃重军(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所 中国科学院合成生物学重点实验室 上海 200032)

         基因组设计;基因组删减;基因组合成;工程化构建

        genome design;genome deletion;genome synthesis;engineering construction

        合成生物学是利用工程化的思想来设计和构建新的生物基因组，是近年来的研究热点。近年来，对原核细胞支原体天然小基因组进行从头合成并进一步设计与构建最小基因组，对原核模式生物大肠杆菌基因组的不断删减及全基因组密码子简约化设计与人工合成测试，以及对真核模式生物酿酒酵母基因组人工设计与合成测试都取得了很大成功，极大地促进了我们对生命的理解。我国的基因组的设计与工程化构建方面的研究虽然起步较晚，但近年来取得了国际瞩目的成果。基因组的设计与构建为深入了解生命起源与进化，并为进一步构建具有强大应用功能的新型生命体奠定了基础。

        Synthetic biology by using engineering ideas to design and construct new biological genomes is the research hotspot in recent years. The de novo synthesis of the prokaryotic Mycoplasma natural minigenome and further design and construction of the minimal genome, the continuous genome deletion of the prokaryotic model organism E. coli and the genome-wide codon simplification design and synthetic test, as well as the artificial design and synthesis tests of the eukaryotic model Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome have achieved great success and greatly promoted our understanding of life. Although the research on the genomes design and engineering construction in China started late, it has achieved internationally remarkable results recently. The genome design and construction provide insight into the origin and evolution of life and lay the foundation for further building a new life with powerful application functions.