建设独立自主的国家科技创新体系——法国成为世界科技强国的路径

Construct Independent National S&T Innovation System—French Way to World S&T Power

        邱举良(中国科学院 国际合作局 北京 100864)
        方晓东(中国科学院文献情报中心 北京 100190)

         法国;科技强国;科技创新体系;国立科研机构;发展战略

        France;science and technology power;science and technology innovation system;national research institutions;development strategy

        第二次世界大战结束后，夏尔·戴高乐将军着手组建一批国立科研机构，努力建设独立自主科技创新体系，并持续实施国家创新战略的顶层设计，这一系列举措为日后法国在科学技术与高新技术产业层面实现“辉煌三十年”（20世纪60—80年代），以及成为当今世界经济、军事和科技创新强国作出了不可磨灭的贡献。文章以二战结束为时间起点，重点围绕国立科研机构设置、国家科技创新体系建设、人才培养、基础研究、科研环境建设、成果转移转化、科技评价和国家创新战略布局8个方面论述法国建设科技强国的主要路径。

        After the World War Ⅱ, General Charles de Gaulle began to establish national research institutions in batches, strived to build an independent scientific and technological innovation system, and continued the top-level design of national innovation strategies. These actions have made both indelible contributions to France's “brilliant three decades” in the science, technology, and high-tech industries from 1960s to 1980s of the 20th Century, and to world's economic, military and technological power. This article, taking the end of World War Ⅱ as the starting point, discusses the main path of building a scientific and technological power from eight aspects: the establishment of national scientific research institutions, the construction of national science and technology innovation system, talent training, basic research, scientific research environment construction, transformation of achievements, evaluation of science and technology, and national innovation strategy layout.