科技支撑西藏高原生态环境保护及农牧业可持续发展

S&T Supported Ecological Environment Protection and Sustainable Development of Crop and Animal Husbandry on Tibetan Plateau, China

        张扬建(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 拉萨高原生态试验站 北京 100101)
        朱军涛(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 拉萨高原生态试验站 北京 100101)
        何永涛(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 拉萨高原生态试验站 北京 100101)
        余成群(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 拉萨高原生态试验站 北京 100101)
        石培礼(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 拉萨高原生态试验站 北京 100101)
        张宪洲(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 拉萨高原生态试验站 北京 100101)

         西藏高原;全球变化;生态屏障;高原农牧业

        Tibetan Plateau;global changes;ecological hurdle;alpine crop and animal husbandry

        在全球变化影响下，我国西藏高原的生态环境问题日益突出，严重影响了其生态安全屏障作用，制约了西藏农牧业的可持续发展。中科院拉萨高原生态试验站自建站以来对区域生态环境进行了长期监测，开展了高原生态安全屏障功能保护与建设基础理论研究、退化草地恢复治理及农牧业发展关键技术研发和示范。在学科建设方面发展了一系列高原生态学研究的新方法，建立了高原生态过程、机理与区域格局相结合的研究局面；在技术研发方面提出了高寒退化草地恢复治理和高原草牧业发展的关键技术，并进行了广泛的示范和推广，取得了显著成效。这些科研成果不仅丰富和发展了全球变化影响西藏高原生态屏障功能的基础理论，还推进了高原农牧业发展关键技术的研发和示范。拉萨站已经成为在青藏高原腹地从事生态学研究的支撑平台和农牧业可持续发展试验示范的重要基地。

        Affected by exacerbated climate change and intensified anthropogenic activities, a series of environmental and ecological issues are emerging on the Tibetan Plateau. These seriously undermine the ecological hurdle functions of the Tibetan Plateau, also retard the local productivity development and social living improvement. The Lhasa Alpine Ecology Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Lhasa Station) has committed to monitor ecology and environments of the Tibetan Plateau since its establishment. In basic researches, the Lhasa Station conducted a suite of global change studies exploring effects of global changes on ecological hurdle functions of the Tibetan Plateau. The research findings are effectively applied on ecological restoration, and technique development of alpine crop and animal husbandry. In discipline construction, the Lhasa Station carried out multi-disciplinary study and made considerable achievements. Specifically, a series of novelty methods have been developed. Using these methods, the mechanism, pattern, and environmental consequences of alpine ecosystems response to climatic changes, and anthropogenic activities have been revealed. Fueled by the abovementioned basic researches, the Lhasa Station developed core technology and modes for restoring degraded alpine grasslands and alpine crop and animal husbandry, resulting in great achievements. All these achievements have enriched our understanding on impacts of global changes on ecological hurdle function of the Tibetan Plateau, and facilitated technique development and application of alpine crop and animal husbandry. Their integration sets up the stage for the Lhasa Station to be a critical site for research-support and sustainable crop and animal husbandry development demonstration.