人体器官芯片

Human Organs-on-a-chip

        秦建华(中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 大连 160023;中国科学院大学 未来技术学院 北京 100049)
        张敏(中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 大连 160023)
        于浩(中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 大连 160023)
        李中玉(中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 大连 160023)

         器官芯片;微流控;生物传感;疾病模型;药物评价

        organs-on-a-chip;microfluidic;biosensing and devices;disease model;drug evaluation

        人体器官芯片是一门新兴的前沿科学技术，也是一门典型的多学科交叉汇聚技术，对人类健康和生物产业发展具有重要战略意义，吸引了来自政府、科学界和产业界的关注，被2016年达沃斯世界经济论坛列为"十大新兴技术"之一。人体器官芯片指的是一种在载玻片大小芯片上构建的器官生理微系统，包含有活体细胞、组织界面、生物流体和机械力等器官微环境关键要素。它可在体外模拟人体不同组织器官的主要结构功能特征和复杂的器官间联系，用以预测人体对药物或外界不同刺激产生的反应，在生命科学和医学研究、新药研发、个性化医疗、毒性预测和生物防御等领域具有广泛应用前景。文章概述性介绍了人体器官芯片的起源、国际发展态势和研究进展，并对其面临的挑战和未来发展趋势予以展望。

        Human organs-on-a-chip is a newly emerging and frontier technology involving with different disciplines in recent years. It refers to a biomimetic microphysiological system created on a bioengineered microfluidic device, representing the organ-level functional units. It can recapitulate the physiologically relevant structures and functions of the organs, as well as the interaction between multiple organs as in vivo, thereby offering alternative models for predicting human responses to various drugs and environmental stimulus. Organs-on-a-chip technology has wide application potentials in many fields such as life science, drug discovery, personalized medicine, food/environment monitoring and biological defense et al. The emergence of this technology has attracted much attention from the government, scientific community and industry due to its unique features and promising applications. It has been selected as the "Top Ten Emerging Technologies" by the World Economic Forum in 2016. Considering the huge market in industrialization, several companies have started to get involved in this area and the pace of industrialization has been accelerated rapidly. Human organs-on-a-chip scan not only reproduce the physiopathology of human organ, but it can also enable researchers to witness and study various biological behaviors of the organism in an unprecedented way. It could be used to analyze the occurrence and development of the complicated human diseases in a new perspective, and is expected to bring about a revolution in the traditional fields including biomedical research, drug testing, personalized medicine, toxicity prediction, biodefensive fields. Here, we summarize the origins, development, and application fields of human organson-a-chip technology. We also discuss the existing challenges and give perspectives for the development of this technology in future.