地上-地下生物协同调控与养分高效利用
Interactions between Above-and Below-ground Organisms for Nutrient-efficient Utilization
Interactions between Above-and Below-ground Organisms for Nutrient-efficient Utilization
作者
沈仁芳(中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008)
孙波(中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008)
施卫明(中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008)
赵学强(中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008)
孙波(中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008)
施卫明(中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008)
赵学强(中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008)
中文关键词
养分效率;根系;微生物;土壤养分转化;协同调控
英文关键词
nutrient efficiency;roots;microbes;nutrient transformation;cooperative regulation
中文摘要
提高养分利用率是协调粮食安全和环境安全的核心问题。地下生物种类繁多，数量巨大，功能多样，包括植物根系、微生物和动物等。地下生物直接参与了养分的活化、转化、吸收和运输等过程，是地上植物生产力和养分利用率的重要驱动者。文章概括性地介绍了（1）土壤-根系-微生物对话的信号基础与养分转化，（2）土壤微生物组成多样性与养分转化，（3）根系与植物高效吸收养分，以及（4）微生物与根系高效摄取土壤养分；在此基础上，提出将来应该加强研究土壤生物功能和区域分异规律、微生物介导的土壤养分转化过程与养分高效利用之间的关系、养分高效型作物的根系特征、生物制剂的研发等内容。随着技术的发展和相关机理的探明，地下生物“黑箱”将逐步被破解，有望研发出靶标明确、切实可行的地上-地下生物协同调控技术，实现养分的高效利用。
英文摘要
The improvement of nutrient use efficiency is the double demanding for both food and environmental safety. In the below-ground, there are large amount of various organisms including plant roots, microbes, and animals. The below-ground organisms are involved in the mobilization, transformation, uptake and transport of nutrients, being the main driver of the above-ground productivity and nutrient use efficiency. This review summarized four aspects of research progresses: (1) biologically signaling basis and nutrient transformation in soil-root-microbe interfaces; (2) microbial community composition and nutrient transformation; (3) plant roots and nutrient-efficient uptake; (4) microbes and nutrient-efficient acquisition by roots. Based on these progresses, four research focuses are suggested to be enhanced in the future: (1) the function and regional differentiation of soil organisms; (2) the relationship between soil microbe-regulated processes and nutrient efficiency; (3) the root characteristics of nutrient-efficient plant varieties; (4) the development of biological reagents for nutrient-efficient use. The technological development and mechanistic clarification will hopefully promote the uncovering of the "black box" of the below-ground organisms, ultimately contributing to the improvement of nutrient use efficiency by regulating the interactions between the above- and below-ground organisms.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2017.06.003
作者简介
沈仁芳,中科院南京土壤所所长,研究员,长期从事酸性土壤改良与利用研究。中科院"百人计划"入选者,国家"跨世纪百千万人才工程"入选者,国家杰出青年基金获得者,"973"项目首席科学家。中国土壤学会理事长,Pedosphere主编,第七、八、九届低pH下植物-土壤相互作用系列国际会议(PSILPH)国际指导委员会委员。发表学术论文150余篇,主编专著1部,荣获中科院科技促进发展奖二等奖和中国土壤学会科技奖一等奖各1项。Email: rfshen@issas.ac.cn
Shen Renfang Professor and the director general of Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Prof. Shen has long been involved in the research of improving and utilizing acid soils, and is the member of 7th, 8th, and 9th committee of International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH (PSILPH). He is the winners of National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars, "Hundred Talents Program" of CAS, and state level "Cross-Century Talent Program". In addition, he is the Chief Scientist for national "973" project, the president of Soil Science Society of China, and the Editor-in-Chief of Pedosphere. He has published more than 150 academic papers and one book. Prof. Shen wins the second prize of Science and Technology Promotion Development of CAS and the first prize of Science and Technology of Soil Science Society of China. E-mail: rfshen@issas.ac.cn
Shen Renfang Professor and the director general of Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Prof. Shen has long been involved in the research of improving and utilizing acid soils, and is the member of 7th, 8th, and 9th committee of International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH (PSILPH). He is the winners of National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars, "Hundred Talents Program" of CAS, and state level "Cross-Century Talent Program". In addition, he is the Chief Scientist for national "973" project, the president of Soil Science Society of China, and the Editor-in-Chief of Pedosphere. He has published more than 150 academic papers and one book. Prof. Shen wins the second prize of Science and Technology Promotion Development of CAS and the first prize of Science and Technology of Soil Science Society of China. E-mail: rfshen@issas.ac.cn
