中国土壤微生物组：进展与展望

China Soil Microbiome Initiative: Progress and Perspective

        朱永官(中国科学院城市环境研究所 厦门 361021;中国科学院生态环境研究中心 北京 100085)
        沈仁芳(中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008)
        贺纪正(中国科学院生态环境研究中心 北京 100085)
        王艳芬(中国科学院大学 北京 100049)
        韩兴国(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 沈阳 110016;中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093)
        贾仲君(中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008)

         土壤微生物组;战略先导;科学问题;前沿展望

        soil microbiome;strategic outline;scientific question;vision perspective

        文章分析了国际土壤微生物组的研究现状和发展趋势，阐述了土壤微生物组研究的前沿科学问题，综述了中国土壤微生物组的主要科研进展，提出了中国土壤微生物组研究的机遇和挑战，探讨了土壤-微生物系统功能及其调控所需的主要技术手段与能力建设，期望通过“土壤-微生物系统功能及其调控”中科院战略性先导科技专项研究，为深度发掘土壤微生物组资源，定向调控土壤微生物组功能，解决我国经济社会发展面临的生态环境、农业生产及资源瓶颈等问题起到应有的贡献。

        In the past three decades, soil microbiology has emerged as a hotspot for transdisciplinary integration of earth science and life science. The remarkable diversity and vast number of microbes in soil are termed microbial engine being primarily responsible for the global cycling of the key elements on earth. Ironically, it is estimated that the majority of these tiny organisms remains unknown, and these untapped resources are defined as microbial dark matters. Collectively, these countless microbes and their physiochemical soil environments are considered as soil microbiome, which has attracted huge attention across a wide range of fields including sustainable agriculture, high-tech industry, environment protection, and medicine science. In fact, soil microbiome is being recognized as one of the strategic high ground of a new round of science and technology revolution. This review summarizes the progress of soil microbiome, outlines the key scientific questions, synthesizes the major advances of China Soil Microbiome Initiative, highlights the challenges and opportunities ahead of soil microbiomes in China, and concludes with capacity building through various pathways to advance soil microbiomes researches.