突发人为灾难后的心理危机干预与援助

Crisis Intervention and Psychological Assistance after Sudden Man-made Disasters

        刘正奎(中国科学院心理研究所 心理健康重点实验室 北京 100101)
        刘悦(中国科学院心理研究所 心理健康重点实验室 北京 100101)
        王日出(中国科学院心理研究所 心理健康重点实验室 北京 100101)

         突发人为灾难;心理危机;创伤后应激障碍;心理援助

        sudden man-made disaster;psychological crisis;post-trauma stress disorder;psychological assistance

        突发性人为灾难因具有不可预知性、不可抗拒性及造成毁灭性后果等特点，使得其对社会公众的心理行为产生巨大心理冲击。文章描述了突发人为灾难后个体心理健康状况和社会群体行为表现，阐述了突发人为灾难对个体和群体心理影响的特点，重点分析了突发人为灾难后的心理危机干预理论与实施，以及开展长期灾后心理援助的模式。我国近年来突发人为灾难多发，加强心理危机干预与援助的研究与应用将会有力地提升全民预防和应对突发人为灾难的能力。

        Sudden man-made disasters are unpredicatable and unresistable, and may cause catastrophic distruption and loss for the community and individuals. The individual response and collective reaction to man-made disasters are distinguished from natural disasters in its severity, trajectories, and underneath functions. This paper reviews the psychological and behavioral reactions to sudden man-made disasters at both individual and group levels, specifically focuses theories and practice of crisis intervention and post-disaster psychological assistance. Working models of disaster management and post-disaster psychological intervention are discussed. Understanding psychological aspects of man-made disasters has significant implication in promoting the capability of preparation, prevention, and effective response to such disasters.