节水灌溉农业的空间认知与建议

Outlook on Water Saving Agriculture

        吴炳方(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所数字地球重点实验室 北京 100101)
        闫娜娜(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所数字地球重点实验室 北京 100101)
        曾红伟(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所数字地球重点实验室 北京 100101)
        蒋礼平(世界银行北京代表处 北京 100004)
        朱伟伟(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所数字地球重点实验室 北京 100101)

         耗水管理;高效节水农业;水分生产率;节水潜力

        water consumption management;water conservation agriculture;water productivity;water saving potential

        水资源危机已经严重阻碍了社会经济的发展。作为耗水大户的农业，现在以及未来很长时间都将面临“以较少的水资源消耗生产更多粮食”的艰巨任务。自1980年以来，我国节水灌溉农业发展迅速，农业节水灌溉措施的实施极大地减少了农业灌溉取用水量，显著提高了灌溉效率，然而水资源危机并没有得到缓解，流域地下水水位持续下降的趋势并未得到遏制，这一现状使人们不得不重新审视节水农业存在的问题。文章从水资源消耗的视角，充分利用遥感技术在作物分布、蒸散发、产量空间格局和时间动态变化监测的优势，在区域尺度上认识节水灌溉农业发展中存在的问题和面临的挑战，提出利益相关者参与式的“耗水管理”是节水高效农业发展以及成功实施的必然途径。

        Water resources crisis is a critical issue that had seriously hampered the development of social economy. As a major water consumption user, the development of agriculture will face the challenge of "less water consumption and more food production". Since 1980s, agriculture experienced the rapid development period of water conservation irrigation in China. The implementation of water conservation measures greatly reduced the irrigation water retrieval amount, and improved the irrigation efficiency. The crisis, however, has not been eased, and the ground water table is continually decreasing. We have to re-examine and review the water conservation agriculture schemes. Taking the advantage of remote sensing on dynamically monitoring crop evapotranspiration, crop pattern, and crop yield in temporal-spatial scales, this study aims to explore the existed problems and challenges in the development of water conservation irrigation agriculture from the new perspective of water consumption, and proposes that the water consumption management with stakeholders participation would be an inevitable way for the sustainable development of water resources.