海洋多尺度和多圈层过程及其相互作用研究——一个应用于厄尔尼诺模拟的成功范例

Oceanic Studies on Multi-scale and Multi-sphere Processes and Their Interactions: A Successful Example for El Niño Simulation

        张荣华(中国科学院海洋研究所 青岛 266071;青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋动力过程与气候功能实验室 青岛 266237)
        王凡(中国科学院海洋研究所 青岛 266071;青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋动力过程与气候功能实验室 青岛 266237)

         海洋多尺度和多圈层过程;海洋观测;海洋模拟;厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)

        multi-scale and multi-sphere processes in the ocean;oceanic observations;oceanic simulations;El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

        海洋中存在各种对气候和环境有显著影响的多尺度自然现象，如热带不稳定波和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ElNiño-Southern Oscillation，ENSO）等，它们是海洋中不同时间和空间尺度过程及其与地球系统中其他圈层之间相互作用的综合产物，表现出复杂性、多样性、多变性和相互作用等特点。对海洋的研究要作为一个系统来展开，以考虑多尺度和多圈层过程间的相互作用和反馈；要采用不同方法相结合的综合手段（包括观测、理论和模式等）；在认知和表征现象和过程的基础上，进一步构建模式，从而模拟、预测和预估海洋相关现象及其对气候和环境变化的影响。作为地球系统中最强的年际变化信号，ENSO现象是研究年际时间尺度海气相互作用和气候预估的核心内容，本文以ENSO为例，来阐明海洋多尺度和多圈层过程及其相互作用对ENSO的调制影响（如海洋生物引发的加热效应和热带不稳定波等的反馈作用）。

        The ocean is one important component of the Earth system. There exist various processes in the ocean which can have significant influences on the climate and environment on the Earth, including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and tropical instability waves (TIWs). These phenomena and signals result from complicated interactions among oceanic processes on multiple scales and among multispheres (such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and so on). Because the ocean exhibits such great diversity and variability on various space-time scales, the ocean should be studied as a system, taking into account interactions and taking different approaches in a coherent way (observation, theories, simulation and prediction etc.). Based on process understanding, models need to be developed as a powerful tool for simulation, prediction and projection. As the strongest interannual signal on the Earth, ENSO exerts significant influences on weather and climate worldwide. Examples are given for the modulating effects on ENSO by feedback processes on multiple time scales and multi-spheres, including ocean biology-induced heating and TIWs.