我国海湾开发利用存在的问题与保护策略

Problems in Development of Chinese Bays and the Protection Strategy

        黄小平(中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室 广州 510301)
        张凌(中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室 广州 510301)
        张景平(中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室 广州 510301)
        江志坚(中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室 广州 510301)

         海湾健康;相对封闭性;海陆统筹规划;基于生态系统的管理

        bay health;semi-closure;integrated marine and land planning;ecosystem-based management

        海湾因其独特的自然条件，拥有区位、环境、资源等诸多优势，成为海陆交通枢纽、临海工业基地、重要城市中心和海洋生物摇篮，在国家经济建设与社会发展中具有极其重要的战略地位，因此维持海湾的可持续发展意义重大。但是，近几十年来，高强度人类活动，导致海湾面积和自然岸线减少、泥沙严重淤积、环境恶化、生态系统失衡，已严重威胁到我国沿海地区经济和社会的可持续发展。针对目前海湾开发利用过程中出现的主要问题，亟需进行基于陆海统筹的海湾区域及其流域发展规划，展开海湾综合整治与生态环境修复，控制流域面源污染物输入，推进基于生态系统的海湾管理，以实现海湾有序开发，保障其生态系统健康与可持续利用。

        Bays have the inherent advantages in location, environment, and resources because of the unique natural conditions. Bays have been the hub of sea and land transport, industrial base, important city center, and the cradle of marine organism. They have a strategical position in the national economic and social development, thus it is of great significance to keep sustainable development in bays. In last several decades, intense human activities have resulted in the decrease of area and natural shoreline, sediment accumulation, ecological environment deterioration, and ecosystem imbalance in bays, which have seriously threatened the sustainable development of economy and society in coastal areas. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the integrated marine and land development planning, and the comprehensive ecological environment management and renovation planning in Chinese bays. The input of non-point pollution from watershed should be controlled, and the ecosystem-based management should be promoted in order to maintain ecosystem health and sustainable development in bays.