“脑功能联结图谱与类脑智能研究”先导专项研究进展和展望

Progress and Prospect on Strategic Priority Research Program of “Mapping Brain Functional Connections and Intelligence Technology”

        张旭(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院神经科学研究所 上海 200031;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031)
        刘力(中国科学院生物物理研究所 北京 100101)
        郭爱克(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院神经科学研究所 上海 200031;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031)

         神经元分类;神经环路;认知;脑疾病;非人灵长类模型

        The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences;mapping brain functional connections;neural circuit;brain diseases and non-human primates monkey model;neural network

        对大脑的认知是人类认识自然和自身的终极挑战，脑科学研究的核心是理解脑功能的结构及物质基础。中科院在2012年启动了战略性先导科技专项（B类）“脑功能联结图谱计划”（Mapping Brain Functional Connections；简称：脑联接图谱；MBFC，2012-2020），目标是对特定脑功能的神经联结通路和网络结构的解析及模拟。专项代表了脑科学研究的战略制高点，对揭示脑的工作原理、推动智能科学技术进步、增进人类身心健康等方面都具有十分重要的意义。专项设立以来，在感知觉神经环路发育和功能、视觉与本能恐惧行为的神经环路机制、情绪的神经环路编码机制、成瘾和抑郁症等脑疾病机理、意识的神经基础、基因编译技术及脑疾病的非人灵长类模型、神经元分类和功能分析技术及其应用、神经环路双色钙成像方法、神经环路结构与功能研究工具开发、深度神经网络芯片研制，以及资源库与平台建设等方面取得了一系列重要的科学发现和技术研发进展。我们将进一步按照专项十年规划，开展脑认知科学、类脑人工智能技术、脑疾病早期诊断及干预3个前沿领域的科学研究，以及相关新技术研发和脑科技资源库建设，发挥中科院在脑与认知基础研究和技术研发等领域的引领作用。

        The structure and function of the brain pose the ultimate challenge to human understanding of nature and of themselves. Analytics and simulation to the neural connection of certain brain functions are crucial to illuminating cognitive function and disorders and are the strategic commanding point of brain science, which are very important to reveal the principle of brain working and promote progress of intelligence science and technology, and improve the physical and mental health of human. Mapping brain functional connections is one of the five strategic priority research program according to the top design and meticulously organized, which consist of majority researcher of brain science in CAS. About 300 research papers have been published in the academic journal such as Nature, Science, Cell, and Neuron. A series of original innovation and breakthrough progress were achieved in neural circuit development and function of perception, neural circuit mechanism of visual and instinctive fear behavior, coding mechanism of emotional neural circuit, the mechanism of brain diseases such as addictions and depression, neural basis of self-conscious, gene encoding technology and non-human primates model of brain diseases, novel technology and application of neural classification and functional analysis, dual-color calcium imaging technology, the structure and function of neural circuits, deep neural network chip, construction of databases and platform. On the basis of preliminary studies, we will further aim to understanding neural basis of brain cognitive function, and focusing on three frontiers which are the brain cognitive science, brain-computer intelligent technology, early diagnosis and intervention of diseases, and creating technologies and databases. Successful complete of this program will make the overall research of brain and cognitive basis reached the international advanced level, and play a leading role in some areas.