美国国家实验室的改革动向及启示

Reform Tendency of U.S. National Laboratories and Its Inspiration to China

        肖小溪(中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所 北京 100190)
        代涛(中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所 北京 100190)
        李晓轩(中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所 北京 100190)

         国家实验室;国有民营;政府;国立科研机构

        national laboratories;GOCO;government;national research institutes

        2013年7月11日,美国国会众议院邀请美国的两家智库做了题为"能源部国家实验室及科研活动的监察和管理"的报告,再次引发了美国国内对国家实验室改革的呼声。该报告指出了当前美国国家实验室存在的组织架构不合理、政府管理官僚化等方面的问题,并提出改革建议。事实上,随着国家需求的变化,不同时期美国国家实验室的定位及管理都在进行相应调整。文章对这份报告进行了分析,揭示了美国国家实验室改革的缘起和思路,并提出对我国国家实验室建设的建议。

        On July 11, 2013, Subcommittee on Energy, Committee on Science, Space and Technology, United States House of Representativesinvited two of the U.S.think tanks, the Information Technology & Innovation Foundation and the Heritage Foundation, to present a report entitled Oversight and Management of Department of Energy National Laboratories and Science Activities.This presentation pointed out the problems of inappropriate organizational structure, bureaucratic management, etc., and triggered the new call for the reform of national laboratories in U.S..As a matter of fact, orientation and management of national laboratories in U.S.have been altered in different stages, according to the changing national needs.In this article, the content of the above report was analyzed, and the reasons and principles of this reform were promoted.Finally, based on Chinese situation, inspirationto China's development of national laboratories was discussed.