我国扶贫开发中社会资本作用机理及效应

Impact and Mechanism of Social Capital in Poverty Alleviation of China

        李玉恒(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101)
        王艳飞(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 北京 100049)
        刘彦随(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;北京师范大学资源学院 北京 100875)

         社会资本;扶贫开发;经济效益;可持续发展

        social capital;poverty alleviation;economic effect;sustainable development

        社会资本在我国扶贫开发战略中具有重要的作用。社会资本是贫困户获取资源和机会的重要渠道,是影响扶贫工程有效性及其产出效益的重要因素。文章从理论角度分析了社会资本及其经济影响,指出了我国贫困地区农村社会网络封闭性和内部分化、传统的规范认同失效和社会信任度弱化的现状特点,从实践角度探索了良好的社会资本对于贫困家庭脱贫解困,以及提升扶贫工作效率的促进作用。研究提出了培育贫困地区社会资本的3个重要途径,即着力构建贫困地区多元、新型的社会网络,着力提升民众对政府的信任度,着力营造与完善贫困地区的社会制度和规范建设。

        Social capital plays an important role in China's poverty alleviation.Social capital is the important channel for impoverished households' obtaining resources and opportunities, and it also impacts the efficiency of poverty alleviation project.The paper analyzes social capital and its economic impact from the theoretical perspective.It indicates the condition of social capital of impoverished regions of China, including the closeness and differentiation of social networks, failure of traditional norms, and decline of trust.Then, the paper investigates from the practice perspective, how social capital contributes to poverty alleviation and its efficiency improvement.Finally, it proposes policy implications, including constructing multiple and new rural social networks, improving peasants' trust upon governments, building and perfecting rural social institution and norms.