新地域空间——国家公园体制构建方案讨论

New Regional Space—Discussion on Construction of National Park System

        钟林生(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101)
        邓羽(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101)
        陈田(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101)
        田长栋(国家民族事务委员会办公厅 北京 100800)

         自然保护地;国家公园;生态文明;体制;途径

        nature reserve;national park;ecological civilization;system;way

        自然保护地在我国生态文明建设中发挥重要作用的同时,也存在类型划分不合理、管理体制不顺等问题。党的十八届三中全会决议中明确提出要“建立国家公园体制”,以此为契机科学处理生态环境保护和社会经济发展关系,优化和完善我国自然保护地体系,理顺现有自然保护地管理体制。文章在全面分析我国自然保护地体系现状特点及其存在问题的基础上,系统阐释建设国家公园体制的重要意义,进而提出国家公园体制构建的顶层设计方案,包括体制的构建目标,管理体制,运营体制和实施步骤。

        NatureProtected Area plays an important role in the construction of ecological civilization in China.At the same time, there are lots of problems such as unreasonabledivision and unfavorable managementsystem. The resolution from third plenary session of the Eighteenth National Congressof the Communist Party of China(CPC)clearly proposed to establish national park system, so as to better deal with the relationship between ecologicalprotection andeconomic development, optimize and improve the systemof NatureProtected Area, rationalize the existing management system of nature reserve.China has established 9typesof nature reserves, with a total number of 8 900 sits and the total area accounting for about 18% of national area. China's NatureProtected Areais in charge of the departments of environmental protection, forestry, agriculture, land, housing construction, water conservancy, marine, and others respectively.The establishment of national nature reserves could get approval from ChinaState Council or its department.Due to the difference of the management systems, the protection of the target and the intensity of development among departments, thedepartments have developed different management system, standards, and technical specifications. Consequently, the classification system of Nature Protected Area is more confused, which results in the confusion of management measures.Therefore, this paper suggests that the relationship between the existing nature conservation systems should be straightened out, and the management objectives of the national parks in China should be clarified. Besides, the construction of China's national park system is a comprehensive system of ecological protection and management system reform, which must be integrated planning and moved towardimplementation of the National Park system.