长江经济带区域发展与土壤资源保护

Regional Development of Yangtze River Economic Belt and Its Soil Resources Protection

        谢德体(西南大学资源环境学院 重庆 400716)

         长江流域;长江经济带;区域发展;土壤资源保护;土壤污染;土壤退化

        Yangtze River Basin;Yangtze River Economic Belt;regional development;soil resources protection;soil pollution;soil degradation

        文章从城镇大建设、产业大积聚、交通大发展三方面阐明了长江经济带区域发展, 并分析了发展中面临的一些突出的土壤问题——土壤污染和土壤资源损失及退化问题, 结合对土壤资源保护内涵的界定, 从保护手段系统化、保护主体多样化、保护过程环节的全面化和保护类型渠道的综合化四个维度提出了长江经济带土壤资源保护策略, 即以"分区、分级、分类、分期"理念为指导, 通过政府、公众和企业等保护主体, 从源头、过程和末端等过程环节, 采用法规法律、政策、管理、监测和工程技术等保护措施和调控手段来保护土壤资源。

        The Yangtze River Economic Belt is a new belt supporting Chinese economy based on the golden waterway of Yangtze River, covering 11 provinces and municipalities including Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou with an area of 2.05×106 km². Since the reformation in 1979, this area has become one of the regions nationwide with the most comprehensive strength and strategically-support effect, featured with the regional tremendous developments on urban construction, industrial and agricultural modernization. First of all, the Yangtze River Economic Belt has accumulated so immense industry that now it is one of the most important industrial corridors concentrated by the essential sectors of iron and steel, automobile, electronic industry, and petrochemical industry represented by large quantity of high-tech industries of high energy consuming as well as high transportation demand and super large enterprises. Secondly, the agriculture in this area takes the most important position comparing with other areas in China, contributing 40% of the yields of grain, cotton, and edible oil of China. Thirdly, the transportation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significantly improved. With the location of the heart of China, the belt connects the eastern, middle, and western economic zones thank to its economic strength. The main railways such as Jing-Hu, Jing-Jiu, Jing-Guang, Wan-Gan, and Jiao-Liu going through the belt have bridged the belt with other areas of China from east to west, south to north, and inland to coastal areas. The last, the Yangtze River Economic Belt has experienced immense urban construction with more than 200 big and middle size cities consisting of 30% of cities nationwide. 50% of the region is urbanized, and its city density counts 2.16 folds of the average of China. Furthermore, the average income of residents of the belt is relatively higher than other regions in China and leads to considerable consumption demand which is appealing to the investors in China and worldwide. Along with the fast developed economy, as well as the regional heavy population, the demands to resources and energy in the belt have increasingly aroused soil problems, such as soil pollution, soil resource loss, and degradation, which has not only affected the human settlement surrounding, food security, and environmental and ecological security, but also has seriously hindered the society from fast, sustainable, and healthy development. According to the definition of the soil resource protection, the paper proposes soil conservation strategy in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from four dimensions: systematic procedures, diverse targets, thoroughly-detailed processes, and comprehensive channels and patterns, namely the"partition, grading, classification, staging", as a guide. Through the government, the public and market protection, the regional soil resources need to be protected from the source to the end by adopting laws and regulations, policies, management, monitoring, engineering, and technical protection measures.