我国耕地资源开发利用的问题与整治对策

Problems and Countermeasures in the Development and Utilization of Cultivated Land Resource in China

        郧文聚(国土资源部土地整治中心/国土资源部农用地质量与监控重点实验室 北京 100035)

         耕地利用;土壤安全;生态良田;土地整治

        utilization of land;soil security;ecological fertile fields;land rearrangement

        当前我国耕地资源开发利用问题突出, 主要表现在利用效率低下、生态环境退化、土壤污染严重等, 影响了粮食安全。文章针对目前耕地资源开发利用存在的突出问题, 从土地整治入手, 分析了土地整治促进耕地资源合理开发利用的实现途径, 提出了"十三五"时期土地整治的发展战略。

        Currently, there are outstanding problems in the development and utilization of cultivated land resources in China. They are mainly in the instability of cultivated land and its poor basic conditions; low overall quality and uneven distribution of cultivated land; large amount of disturbed land extensively distributed in broad area and serious ecological degradation; serious pollution in cultivated soil, excessive heavy metals, etc. Since the implementation of land rearrangement in 1998 nationwide, protection of cultivated land has been increasingly strengthened and land rearrangement has played a significant role in protection-based development and utilization of cultivated land resources. Since 2001, through land rearrangement, China has added more than 50 million mu (1 hectare =15 mu) cultivated land, which exceeds the total area of land occupied by construction or damaged by natural disasters over the same period, and has ensured the basic stability of the amount of the country's cultivated land. Land rearrangement aims at safeguarding national food security, and it adheres to the principle of attaching equal attention to quantity and quality, builds well-facilitated capital farmland and has improved the quality of cultivated land. Through restoration and protection of land rearrangement on ecosystem, the organic combination of ecological security and food security has been basically achieved and the quality of regional ecological environment has attained an overall promotion. The article believes that land rearrangement is important in promoting the rational development and utilization of cultivated land resources. Land rearrangement always puts the building of ecological fertile farmland in a prominent position. And land rearrangement carries out the construction of well-facilitated capital farmland in order to eliminate the limiting factors in farmland modernization utilization, which has maintained a continuous and stable production capacity of cultivated land and good condition of production environment. Land rearrangement always follows a scientific outlook of cultivated land quality, which takes amount as the precondition, production capacity as the core, health as the guarantee, utilization and protection as the base, efficiency as the guidance, and monitor as the means. Land rearrangement is the main way to promote rational use of cultivated land. Under the new situation, the development and utilization of cultivated land resources should go under the"Blue Ocean Strategy"oriented to eliminate hazards, reduce negative factors, enhance favorable factors, and create new opportunities, and make good use of land rearrangement, to realize the rational development and utilization of cultivated land resources. Land rearrangement can promote rational development and utilization of cultivated land resources from specific aspects of stabilizing amount, eliminating barriers, preventing degradation, preventing and repairing destruction, managing pollution, etc. In the end, the article puts forward development strategy of land rearrangement during the"13th Five Year"period from the following 3 aspects. Firstly, distribute the construction of well-facilitated capital farmland with the orientation of promoting agriculture modernization. Secondly, distribute the ecological landscapes at national and regional level with the perspective of promoting ecological civilization. Last but not the least, distribute the rearrangement of urban industrial and mining land and rural construction land in consistence with the requirements of new urbanization and industrialization.