土壤物理学发展现状与展望

Soil Physics: Present and Future

        李保国(中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193)
        任图生(中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193)
        刘刚(中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193)
        周虎(中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008)
        商建英(中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193)
        沈重阳(中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193)
        黄峰(中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193)
        王钢(中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193)
        李贵桐(中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193)

         土壤物理;水土资源;土壤安全;关键带

        soil physics;soil and water resources;soil security;critical zone

        文章论述了近年来国际土壤学界在土壤物理学领域的一些新的定位和发展, 并就与土壤安全密切相关的几个关键土壤物理研究热点进行了简要回顾, 包括:土壤结构、土壤水分监测与运动模拟、农田水文过程与水分生产力、土壤中污染物和胶体的运移、土壤生物物理、生物质炭对土壤物理性质作用机制与效应6 个方面。最后从土壤物理学科发展和我国耕地建设的需求展望了土壤物理学的发展前景。

        The problems related to human living conditions, food security, resources, and environments are facing great challenges and attracting a lot of interest. Soil science and soil physics research is becoming more and more important. This paper attempts to introduce the new definition, directions, and trends of soil physics at international soil science in the recent years, including the new developments and relevant theme extensions according to International and America Soil Science Society. Those trends show that soil physics development must be related to the current relative environmental and ecological problems and topics, including food security, hydrology, soil and water contamination and prevention, and ecological issues. The hot issues and promising areas related to soil security and several critical soil physics questions are also discussed. The primary focus is on the following six longstanding or emerging aspects in soil physics that contain key unsolved problems:(1)soil structure, in which the new research methods of soil structure characterization are reviewed from aggregates to field scales；(2)soil water monitoring and movement simulation, in which different scale of soil water monitoring methods(containing heat-pulse method, cosmic-ray neutrons sensor, GNSS-R remote techniques, and actively heated fiber optic method), soil-water unsteady flow theory, and related modeling issues are summarized；(3)farmland hydrology and water productivity, in which agricultural green and blue water characteristics and the mechanisms of regulating and promoting green and blue water productivity are described at various agricultural field scales；(4)contaminant and colloid fate and transport in soils, in which the trends and developments of contaminant(such as microbes, radionuclide, persistent organic pollutants, antibiotics, and facilitated colloids)transport under micro, batch, column, and field scales are showed；(5)soil biophysics, in which the interaction mechanisms, new methods, and developed models between soil physical process and soil livings are laid out；(6)biochar effect on soil physical property and its related mechanism of lowering soil bulk density, and increasing aggregates, soil water retention capability, soil saturated conductivity, and so on. In summary, the future perspectives of soil physics are looked over from the points of science development and the greatest national demands. To contribute to soil, water, food, and ecology security in the nation and society, it is very important for soil physicists to promote and develop the relevant theories and models of soil-water, solute, and contaminant transport and transformation, and to build the coupling models between soil structure, and water movement and solute cycling(such as carbon and nitrogen)at different spatial and temporal scales.