中国陆地生态系统固碳效应——中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题”之生态系统固碳任务群研究进展

Carbon Sequestration in China's Terrestrial Ecosystems under Climate Change——Progress on Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration from the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program

        方精云(中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093)
        于贵瑞(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101)
        任小波(中国科学院重大任务局 北京 100864)
        刘国华(中国科学院生态环境研究中心 北京 100085)
        赵新全(中国科学院成都生物研究所 成都 610041)

         生态系统;碳储量;碳吸收;生态工程;中国

        ecosystem;carbon storage;carbon sequestration;ecological stewardship projects;China

        气候变化是当前人类生存和发展所面临的共同挑战,受到世界各国人民和政府的高度关注。陆地生态系统固碳被认为是最经济可行和环境友好的减缓大气CO₂浓度升高的重要途径之一,因此,如何提高陆地生态系统碳储量及其固碳能力,是近年来全球变化研究的热点领域。2011年,中科院启动了"应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题"的战略性先导科技专项;其中,生态系统固碳任务群在中国森林、灌丛、草地和农田生态系统约16000个野外样地进行了系统的野外调查,并开展了6大国家重大生态工程固碳效应评估和4个典型区域固碳增汇技术体系和示范的综合研究。在全国尺度上准确评估了森林、灌丛、草地和农田生态系统的固碳现状、速率和潜力,科学评估了中国重大生态工程的固碳效应,并发展了兼顾社会经济和固碳效应需求的区域可持续新模式。此外,生态系统固碳任务群首次在国家尺度构建了科学的、可核查的陆地生态系统碳清查实体数据库,不仅可为中国应对气候变化的国际间谈判提供重要数据,还将在中国生态文明建设中发挥重要作用。

        Climate change is a serious challenge for the survival and development of human beings, which is highly concerned by the people and governments across the world. Sequestrating carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is considered as one of the most economical and environmentally friendly way to reduce atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Therefore, how to increase carbon storage and enhance carbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems has been a hot issue for global change research. In 2011, Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the Strategic Priority Research Programme "Climate Change:Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues", which aimed to address the key scientific issues urgently needed in China's participance in the international negotiation on climate change and the reduction of net greenhouse gases(GHGs)emissions, and the selection of the optimal route of the national sustainable development. As a major part of this programme, ecosystem carbon sequestration group has systematically conducted field surveys in more than 16,000 plots in forest, shrubland, grassland, and farmland ecosystems across the country, investigated the carbon sequestration effects of China's six key ecological stewardship projects, and comprehensively studied the mechanism and technical system of intervened carbon sink increment within four major regions in China. Based on a large amount of measured data, our group has accurately evaluated the carbon storages, sequestration rates and potential capacity of forest, shrubland, grassland, and farmland ecosystems on the national scale, scientifically assessed the carbon sequestration effect of China's six key ecological stewardship projects, and furthermore, developed the new models of balancing the social economy development and carbon sequestration effect within these regions. In addition, our group has firstly established the scientifical, measurable and verifiable carbon inventory database of China's terrestrial ecosystems on the national scale, which can not only provide the important basic data for the international negotiations on global climate change, but also play an important role in China's ecological civilization Construction in future.