中国温室气体排放研究——中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题”之排放清单任务群研究进展

Research on China's Greenhouse Gas Emission——Progress on emission inventory from the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program

        魏伟(中国科学院上海高等研究院 上海 201210)
        任小波(中国科学院重大科技任务局 北京 100864)
        蔡祖聪(南京师范大学 南京 210023)
        侯泉林(中国科学院大学 北京 100049)
        刘毅(中国科学院大气物理研究所 北京 100029)
        李青青(中国科学院上海高等研究院 上海 201210)

         碳收支;能源消费;天地利用;自然过程;气候变化;碳卫星

        carbon budget;energy consumption;space-ground utilization;natural processes;carbon satellite

        温室气体排放清单一直是气候模型构建、各国减排政策制定及国际谈判与博弈的重要基础。2011年中科院启动战略性先导科技专项"应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题",其中设置了"排放清单任务群"4个项目,以建立我国温室气体参数及排放数据库。文章介绍了"排放任务群"中"能源消费与水泥生产过程排放"、"土地利用与畜牧业的甲烷和氧化亚氮排放"、"自然过程碳排放"和"卫星反演的'净排放'"4个项目的主要研究进展,结果发现,中国2013年二氧化碳实际排放总量比前期估计值低近15%,该成果近期发表于Nature。本文同时针对温室气体排放的需求,提出了今后的发展方向。

        Emission inventory of greenhouse gases represents an important basis for the defining of climate model, making reduction policy, and international negotiation. In 2011, the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the "Climate Change:Car-bon Budget and Relevant Issues" project(Strategic Priority Research Program), where 4 working packages on emission inventory were designed to establish the emission inventory of China and related parameters. Herein, the main research progresses from these working packages, including "Emissions from energy consumption and cement production","Methane and Nitrous oxide emissions from animal husbandry and land use","Carbon emissions in natural processes", and "'Net emissions'by satellite inversion", are detailed. The results which were published recently in the journal Nature indicated that China's actual CO₂ emission in 2013 is near 15% lower than previously estimated. Future prospective is presented as well according to the necessity of greenhouse gases emissions.