世界主要空间国家空间科学发展态势综述

Overview of Space Science Development Status and Trend of Major Space Powers

        尤亮(中国科学院国家空间科学中心 北京 100190)
        白青江(中国科学院国家空间科学中心 北京 100190)
        孙丽琳(中国科学院国家空间科学中心 北京 100190)
        吴季(中国科学院国家空间科学中心 北京 100190)

         空间科学;发展战略;发展规划;空间科学计划

        space science;development strategy;development plan;space science program

        文章从发展战略、发展规划、经费投入、计划任务等几个方面,对美、欧、俄、日、印等几个主要空间国家(组织)的空间科学发展战略和计划进行了调研,分析归纳了国际空间科学发展战略的特点,以期为我国制定和实施可持续发展的空间科学发展战略与计划提供参考。

        The space sience development strategy and plan of major space powers have evolved in several aspects, with the new progress in science and technology achieved in recent years. Committee on Science, Space and Technology in U.S. House was established in 2011. NASA created two new mission directorates named Human Exploration and Operation, and Space Technology. Space shuttles retired in 2011 after thirty-year service, and U.S. private space flight program and Mars robotic project have made great progress. The Global Exploration Roadmap and Decadal Survey in various disciplines of space science have been issued, with the priorities of space science missions planned to be implemented in next decade ranked. European Space Agency has signed Accession Agreement with Romania, Poland, Estonia, and Hungary, which made the number of its member states up to 22, and its space science missions of different classes (L, M, S and etc.) in Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 have been down-selected, with the selected ones successively put into implementation. Russian Federal Space Agency and Russian space industy have been under reform since 2011. Russian space activites carried out before 2020 were planned with its national plan issued in 2013, according to which Russian space budget will increase substaintially. As to Japan, Space Strategy Office was created in Japan Cabinet Office in 2012 to supervise overall space programs, which have continuously made breakthroughs. India has taken a rapid pace in Moon exploration and Mars program, and its space program's budget has increased continuously. Several features of internantional space science development strategy stand out and can be summarized as follows:investment in space science remains continuously stable, and major space powers have revised their space science plans or issued new ones; new space departments have been created or reformed to enhance efficiency; private sectors were encouraged to be involved in space flight activities to promote economic benefit; international cooperation has been further expanded. Space science plays a significant role in the whole national stategy. It is expected that China's space science plays a more and more important role in implementing our national innovation-driven development strategy.