科技发达国家国立科研机构过去二十年改革发展观察

Analysis of the Reform and Development of National Scientific Research Institutions in Developed Countries

        张志强(中国科学院兰州文献情报中心 兰州730000)
        熊永兰(中国科学院兰州文献情报中心 兰州730000)
        安培浚(中国科学院兰州文献情报中心 兰州730000)

         国立科研机构;治理模式;机构改革;国家创新体系;对策建议

        national scientific research institution;governance model of institution;characteristics and contents of institution reform;developed countries;suggestions

        文章主要分析了美国、德国、英国、法国、日本、俄罗斯和韩国等国政府对国立科研机构的主要治理模式、国立科研机构改革发展的主要内容及其特点等.结合我国的实际,提出了我国国立科研机构改革的4 点启示与建议:以国家立法形式确立国立科研机构战略定位与使命;以科学的分类管理模式监管不同类型国立科研机构;以长期稳定支持经费为主导配置经济资源;以人才管理制度创新促进人才合理流动与竞争发展.

        National scientific research institutions are the organizations in science and technology research and development that are supported financially by national governments. In today's globalized economy, science and technology are becoming the key elements regarding the power of a country. Since 1990s, the developed countries have been reforming the system and mechanism of theirmain national scientific research institutions, which are mainly reflected in governance internal operations, and management mechanism of scientific research institutions, the allocationof government resources and scientific research performance evaluation and other aspects. This paper analyses the missions of national scientific research institutions and summarizes 4 kinds ofmain management models and their characteristics. It reveals the key content and main characteristics of the reformand development of national scientific research institutions in US, Germany, Britain, France, Japan, Russiaand South Korea et al. Based on this analysis and taking into consideration our actual conditions, a few suggestions on the reform of the national scientific research institutes in China are presented. First of all, the strategic positioning and national mission for its national scientific research institutes should be defined by national legislation. Secondly, the different kinds of scientific and classified management models should be used to regulate and supervise the different national scientific research institutes by the government. Thirdly, the allocation of economic resources for national scientific research institutes should ensure long-term and consistent support. Finally, the national talent management system and policy should continue to innovate to promote the rational flow of talent and thedevelopment of competition.