对我国自然资源产权制度建设的战略思考

The Strategic Consideration on Natural Resources Property Right System Construction in China

        马永欢(国土资源部信息中心 北京100812)
        刘清春(山东财经大学经济学院 济南250014)

         自然资源;产权制度;生态文明;改革

        natural resource;property right system;ecological civilization;reform

        产权制度既是自然资源开发利用的核心制度,又是生态文明建设的基础性制度,贯穿于生态文明建设的全过程.文章在我国加强生态文明建设和推进自然资源管理制度改革的背景下,分析了加强产权制度建设的现实意义.针对目前产权归属不清、产权收益未得到有效保护、产权交易偏离市场规则和管理体制不完善等方面的问题,需要按照十八届三中全会通过的《决定》,以归属清晰、权责明确、流转顺畅、权能完整、保护严格、监管有效为总体要求,对自然资源产权制度进行顶层设计,并从法律修编、完善有偿使用制度、推进不动产统一登记、完善环境经济政策和制定生态文明战略行动纲要等方面提出了具体建议.

        China is in the critical period of ecological civilization construction. It is crucial to realize that throughout the entire process of ecological civilization construction, the natural resources property right system is the core of exploitation and utilization of natural resources, and it is also the basis of ecological civilization construction. Under the background of strengthening the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the reform of management system of natural resources in China, the study on the property right system is necessary and has strategic significance. This study offers an insight into many aspects of ecological civilization construction, incuding promoting the natural resources property right system, facilitating the construction of ecological civilization, implementing the system of compensation for the use of natural resource, implementing sustainable development strategy, optimizing the role of market on resource allocation, and eliminating the“tragedy of the commons”. The main problems that the natural resources property right system is facing include unclear property ownership, sever loss of property rights, asset exchange deviation from market rule and imperfect management system. This will inhibit the processes of the construction of ecological civilization. To follow the decisions made at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to deepen reforms, this paper makes several important proposals to enlighten the natural resource management and the construction of ecological civilization in future. These proposals are:(1)revise law on property right of natural resource;(2)improve the system of compensation for the use of natural resource, and deepen the price reform of natural resource;( 3)promote the unified real estate registration, and develop the registration system of property ownership and use right of natural resource in the country;(4)enhance policies on environment and economy related to the property right management of natural resource, and make economic growth objectively reflect the economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits; and(5)establish strategic guidelines for action on ecological civilization, and start the implementation of the land resources management planning to promote the construction of ecological civilization, and evaluation.