美国国家科学基金会设施的管理及启示

Revelations from the Management on Facilities of National Science Foundation

        杨春霞(中国科学院高能物理研究所 北京100049)
        罗小安(中国科学院高能物理研究所 北京100049)
        侯宏飞(中国科学院前沿科学与教育局 北京100864)
        陈娟(中国科学院高能物理研究所 北京100049)
        樊潇潇(中国科学院高能物理研究所 北京100049)

         美国国家科学基金会(NSF);设施;管理;启示

        National Science Foundation;facility;management;revelation

        通过分析美国国家科学基金会(NSF)近两年来对设施的资助情况,研究其对所资助设施的管理,包括人员职责界定、生命周期划分、预算及监督等,文章通过研究NSF对设施的资助、监督和管理,尝试为我国重大科技基础设施的管理工作提供参考建议。

        Facilities, which have a major impact on a broad segment of a scientific or engineering discipline,are essential for science and engineering enterprises. As an independent federal agency, onemajor responsibility of National Science Foundation (NSF) is to finance facilities through the MREFC Accountand the R&RA Account. Generally, the MREFC Account is used to fund the acquisition, construction,commissioning, and upgrading of facilities, whilethe R&RAAccount can be used to support planning, conceptualdesign, development, operations and maintenance, as well asscientific research. Taking the facilitiesfunded by NSF as examples, the article introduces the activities occurring during the life-cycle stage of the facility andrequirements for oversight. In general, the life-cycle stage is divided into Conceptual Design Stage, PreliminaryDesign/Readiness Stage, Final Design/Board Approved Stage, Construction Stage and Post-constructionStages, and by the whole life-cycle stage, the roles and respective responsibilities of NSF staff, theawardee institution and other organizations are described in detail. Based on these introductions, the articleattempts to give some suggestions on management of facilities in China for the future development.