[2015年第2期] 科学选择与分级培育适应新常态发展的中国城市群

Scientific selection and grading cultivation of China's urban agglomeration adaptive to new normal in China

        方创琳

         城市群，新常态，科学选择，城市群病，分级培育，对策建议

        urban agglomeration, new normal, scientific selection, urban agglomeration disease, gradingcultivation, countermeasures and suggestions

        城市群是高度一体化和同城化的城市群体， 经历了从城市到都市区、 再到都市圈、再到城市群、最后到大都市带的 4 次扩展过程。 中国城市群是世界 经济重心转移和“一带一路”建设的主阵地，是国家新型城镇化的主体，也是我国 当前与未来经济发展格局中最具活力和潜力的核心地区。 但我国城市群在选择 与培育过程中存在着“滥圈滥划、扩容贪大、拔苗助长、无中生有、拼凑成群”等一 系列亟待解决的“城市群病”， 具体表现为： 城市群的战略地位被过分夸大高估， 出现了新型城镇化的“唯群论”；城市群的空间范围一扩再扩，违背了国家建设城 市群的基本初衷；城市群选择过多地依靠主观意志拼凑成群，脱离了发育的最基 本标准； 城市群的选择培育过多迁就了地方利益， 影响到了国家战略安全大局； 城市群成为雾霾等生态环境问题集中激化的敏感区和“问题区 ”。 针对这些问 题， 建议按照科学标准和客观规律， 科学选择并循序渐进地培育城市群， 科学认 识和理解城市群形成、发育的客观标准与自然规律；正确区分城市群与城镇群的 本质区别，避免在政府文件和学术研究中将二者混为一谈；科学培育和分级建设 大、中、小梯度发展的城市群， 分层次建设好 5 个国家级的大城市群、9 个区域性 的中等城市群和 6 个地区性的小城市群； 编制好与资源环境承载力相适应的城 市群总体规划；创新城市群发展的公共财政制度与公共财政储备机制；发挥市场 机制在城市群发育中的主体作用 ，建设市场主导型城市群，引导城市群顺应经济 发展的新常态健康稳定发展。

        The urban agglomeration is a city group of highly integrated and regional co-coordinating, which has experienced four extension processes from the city to metropolitan area, metropolitan circle, urban agglomeration, then to metropolis. Urban agglomeration is the main land of One Belt And One Road（OBAOR） where the world economy focus will transfer to, the main part of the new urbanization, and the most dynamic core area with the highest potential in the economic development pattern today and future. But a series of“city disease” should be solved, such as“arbitrary range, strive for grandiose projects, spoil things by excessive enthusiasm, out of thin air, knock together”, et al. These problems embodied in the following forms: the strategic position of urban agglomeration has been exaggerated overvalued, appeared“only group theory” in the new urbanization; spatial scopes of urban agglomeration expand excessively, and violate the basic purpose of urban agglomerations for state construction; urban agglomeration scopes depend too much on subjective will, and break away from the basic stand of urban agglomerations; the choice of cultivation of urban agglomeration makes endless concessions to local interests and affects the nation’ s overall strategic security structure; and urban agglomerations become a sensitive area and“problem” area that ecological environment problems centralized in, such as fog and haze. To solve these problems, we suggest that selecting urban agglomeration should be in accordance with the scientific standard and objective law and cultivating urban agglomeration step by step, and scientifically recognizing and understanding the objective standards and laws of nature on urban agglomeration development; distinguishing the essential difference between urban agglomeration and city cluster, avoiding confusions among them in government documents and academic research; cultivating China’ s urban agglomeration in large, medium, and small gradient scientifically, and constructing five big national-level urban agglomerations, nine medium regional-level urban agglomerations, and six small local-level urban agglomerations; making urban agglomeration planning adaptive to the environmental resource bearing capacity; innovating public finance system and public fiscal reserve mechanism of urban agglomeration; playing the significant role of market mechanism in urban agglomeration development, and guiding urban agglomeration comply with the new normal of economic development to realize healthy and stable development.