美国巴特尔纪念研究院的市场化运行机制及启示

Market-based Operation Mechanism of Battelle Memorial Institute and its Implications

        代涛 肖小溪 李晓轩

         科技体制改革，巴特尔纪念研究院，现代院所制度

        reform of scientific and technologic system, Battelle Memorial Institute, modern scientific institute system

        巴特尔纪念研究院是美国最大的独立研究机构。它是美国的非营利科 研机构，享受免税待遇，按照公司方式运行。同时，因其主要以承担国家任务为 主，在一定程度上又可视为“国立”研究机构。巴特尔纪念研究院的独特体制和 运行机制，为研究科技体制改革中政府和市场的关系、科研机构的现代院所制度 提供了典型的案例，特别是对于技术研发类机构的改革具有借鉴意义。文章通 过回顾巴特尔纪念研究院的建立和发展过程，并重点从美国政府与巴特尔纪念 研究院的合同关系，以及巴特尔纪念研究院在人事、经费、产业化管理和实验室 管理等方面的特点进行分析，从而阐明其市场化运行机制，并对我国科研机构改 革如何发挥“市场决定作用”提出了建议。

        Battelle Memorial Institute, the largest independent research organization in the United States, is a non-profit research institute which enjoys the tax exempt status. While operating as a company, it mainly undertakes national tasks. To some extent, it can be considered as a“national”research institute. The unique system and operational mechanism of Battelle Memorial Institute provides a typical case for the study of the relationship between government and market, the modern system of research institutes under the background of the reform of scientific and technologic system. This study reviews the establishment and development of Battelle Memorial Institute, analyzes its market-based operation mechanism through examining the contractual relationship with government, and its internal management system in terms of personnel, funding, industrialization laboratory management, etc. Finally, advices on how to reform China’s research institutes through allowing the decisive role of market are provided.